Macbeth s Role As A Traitor - 921 Words

Shakespeare’s Macbeth features a man, loyal to his king, who becomes seduced by the allure of power so much he compromises his better judgement to fulfill his own ambitions. This initial spur of ambition is quickly masked by the guilt and paranoia he feels, leading to misjudgment in acts of self-preservation. This production of Macbeth will explore Macbeth’s role as a traitor as well as the themes of supernatural and unmasked ambition. Duncan was not his first murder, he had been in war and probably slaughtered many on the battle field. This play is good to do now because of its theme about the transition of power and leadership in society. In Macbeth, the transition is based on lineage (like a Monarchy). Transition outside of that lineage is violent. Factions literally compete for power through violence. In our process, it might seem like a struggle, but the transition of power is through peaceful elections, without violence. It may be no less emotional, but if y ou aren t in power you don t have to kill the king in order to get power. The world of my version of Macbeth is based in the period of the real Macbeth’s reign, between 1040 and 1057. The action in the play take place across Scotland and into England during the Saxon period. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a celebrated battle hero, however as the play carries on his thoughts seem to show the characteristics of self-doubt that undermines his strength. He is often manipulated by the women in theShow MoreRelatedMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesis the product of imagination. In any piece of literature, imagery plays a significant role in illustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of CawdorRead MoreMacbeth..Importance of Act 1, Scene 1 and 2.872 Words   |  4 PagesMACBETH..Act !, Scene 1 and 2. About the Play: In 1606, William Shakespeare wrote a play, Macbeth, which has gone down in history as one of the best tragedies ever written. It is known to be the shortest and bloodiest tragedies of Shakespeare. The simplest way of explaining the plot would be to say that it is a story of a man urged by his wife, and foretold by prophesy, to commit murder in order to gain power†¦.a plan which fails, with tragic consequences. But more specifically, it is a classicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greed andRead MoreMacbeth (Shakespeare) Character Description of King Duncan and Macbeth.1238 Words   |  3 Pagesa good king. Especially his goodness contributed to the doubt of Macbeth to actually kill the king. Complimenting his companions for all their nobleness demonstrates Duncan s love to the people around him and effects their compassion for him. O valiant cousin! Worthy gentlemen! (Act I, Scene 2) is Duncan s response to someone he barely knows and just explains what had happened during the battle and how Macbeth saved Duncan s kingdom. Of course it is logical that Duncan is very content withRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is the ultimate story of a fight between the forces of good and evil. It tells the tale of a tragic hero whose quest for power leads to his ultimate downfall. Macbeth starts out as an honorable warrior but changes when his ambition becomes uncontrollable. As he becomes increasingly paranoid, Macbeth uses violent means to eliminate threats to his Scottish throne. As the play progresses, blood continuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William ShakespeareRead MoreEssay about macbeth and antigone1110 Words   |  5 PagesNguyen  1   Diana  Nguyen   Tanaka   Honors  Humanities  Ã‚   01  October  2013   Macbeth  Ã‚  Antigone:  Make  Me  a  Man?   Feminism  is  a  method  of  analyzing  women’s  positions  in  society  by  examining  the   gender  role  and  how/why  some  behaviors  are  stereotyped  towards  a  certain  gender.  A  concept  of   feminism,  patriarchy  is  a  male  centered  and  controlled  society  and  is  arranged  to  make  women   feel  inferior  to  Ã‚  men  in  every  occupation  whether  it  be  religion,  family,  politics,  economics,  legal   or  art.  Women  are  then  seen  lacking  in  male  organRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Natural And Supernatural World1313 Words   |  6 PagesDunn AP Literature 12/3/15 To be or not to be? That is the Question of Macbeth The idea that not everything is quite what it seems is not a new one, and has been explored even long before the time of William Shakespeare; however, the playwright whose name has remained the talk of dinner tables worldwide, did an exceptional job of weighing the plurality of the different forms of the natural world. In the Scottish play, Macbeth, Shakespeare both entertains his audience, and poses questions as to whatRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1536 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the secondary characters such as Lady Macbeth, the witches, and Macduff influence the theme and plot. One of the most influential female characters in the tragedy is Lady Macbeth; she has a significant impact on Macbeth s life. Throughout Shakespeare’s time’s, women were not treated with respect; they were regarded as their husbands slaves. However, this is not the case in Macbeth’s marriageRead More Use of Tension in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples1629 Words   |  7 Pages Shakespeare ´s play Macbeth is set in the heart of Scotland. The king at the time is king Duncun, a noble and honest king. He has two sons and many Thanes and noble men, one being Macbeth. Macbeth has fought his way up the ranks of the army to become one of Duncun ´s most trusted Lords, but an encounter with three witches puts wickedness into the heart of an otherwise noble and loyal man. In act 1, scene 1, a scene of three witches confronts us. This alone would haveRead MoreWoven Messages Of Shakespeare s Macbeth1460 Words   |  6 PagesWoven Messages in Shakespeare s Macbeth Megan Ball 16 June 2015 Double, double toil and trouble; fire burn ad cauldron bubble. (Macbeth, 4.1.10)King James I s obsession with witches and the supernatural sparked Shakespeare’s creation of his most famous tragedy Macbeth. Macbeth illustrates the story of the General, who ruthlessly murders the King in order to gain power which he did not deserve. Along with being an entertaining piece of literature, it also serves as a successful piece of political

Hospitality Project

Question: Write a report about the hospitalitymanagement. Answer: A facility manager in an organization is responsible for meeting the needs of employees at the workplace by managing the necessary services. They has to ensure that the service an process which supports the core business are managed properly. He should ensure that the working environment is suitable for the employees. The facility managers are required for both day-today activities and strategic planning. Their areas of responsibilities are cleaning, vending and catering, maintenance of building and grounds, security, health and safety, space management, procurement management and communications and utilities management (Srensen Jensen, 2015). The six key activities of facility managers are stated below; Preparing document for putting tenders for contractors Supervising and coordinating the work of contractors and management of projects Checking the suitability and availability of options for new locations Comparing and calculating the costs for the goods and services and trying to achieve the optimum money value. Engaged in future planning for development keeping in note the business objectives Planning, coordinating and directing the important central services like, security, reception, cleaning, waste disposal, catering, maintenance, archiving, mail and recycling (Uecker Walker ,2012). The current trend of business and society highlights to the complex building system, aging building stocks, importance given to sustainability and changing business community as the external driven trends of change. The current internal trend refers to the complexity and quantity of data, difficulty in finding top talent and attempt to upgrade facility management (Sterling Huckle, 2014). The changing trend of business requirement for facility management has put forward the necessity of having some specific qualities in a facility manager so that they can become successful in their profession. Facility manager should be trained to understand the complex building structure so that the operations of the business community run hassle-free. They are suppose plan the scarce resource utilization in such a manner that it it is effectively implemented. The facility managers have to serve as role model for the emergency preparedness and planning for the continuity of the business. The facility manager should be able to convert the raw data into meaning information that would help in decision making process. Further, the facility manager should be competent enough to link their activities with the mission, vision and values of any organization (Teicholz, 2013). The facility manager should be expertise in both technical and business and should have the required skill that brings efficiency, profitability and productivity to the organization. The most successful facility managers will be those who are proactive in their actions to meet the challenges posed by the changing trends of current situations .The facility managers should be able to make strategic planning and highlights the areas of attention to the industry. The growing need of sustainable practices should be understood by them and they need to be educated about it so that they can meet the sustainable requirement in their operations. Hence, the demand for qualities that need to be present in todays facility managers widely varies from that of traditional requirements (So et al.,2013). A hotel feasibility study is a report that is produced for the people like investors, lenders, owners and hoteliers. It helps in understanding the feasibility of hotel development projects and analysing the variables that affect the profitability of the business. The areas included in hotel feasibility report are as follows: Supply/Demand Dynamics: The report includes the supply and demand dynamics of the hotel industry. It shows the review of existing hotels, their facilities in terms of service, accommodation rooms, locations and quality segments. All this factors helps to understand the competitive firms position and assist the new firm to develop its strategy for competitive position in the market (O'Neill, 2013). Occupancy and Average Rates: Here the analysis is done for the positioning of the hotel in the local market by studying the projected demand. The average room rates and annual occupancy are also forecasted by using the demand analysis. The companys target guests, distribution strategies, location, quality segment and brand strength are examined. Further a comparative study about the companys strength and weakness, with that of competitors are studied and then assessment is made about the rate differences and occupancy based on the available market information (Lucas, Bulbul Thabet, 2013). Hotel Revenue Projections: A real estate financial model is prepared which helps to estimate the revenues of the business. It calculates the sales revenues of the room and cycles of sales by using the average room rates and occupancy. The percentage of guest is forecasted to calculate the average revenue per guest in case of other revenue centres like, food and beverages. Even other revenues from conference event sales, day booking sales and other similar sales that result in ancillary revenues are forecasted through the available data set (Kim, Hong Zhang, 2014). Hotel Expense Projections: The hotel feasibility study reflects the expenses against the revenue model. It forecast the operating costs and analysed the overhead cost based on the type and scale of the property. Further, the regional bench mark is used to calculate the revenue percentages Net Operating Income Model: The study also shows the net operating income financial model by doing a sensitivity analysis which is then compared with repositioning cost and hotel developments Hotel Feasibility Study ROI: The return on investment is assessed here by using financial assessment tools like NPV, IRR and DCF and then suggestion are made accordingly. The property developer should take proper actions to mitigate the risk of hotel development by doing proper survey and try to bring accuracy in forecast methods. The property developer should suggest investing money in term system or in multiple phases to mitigate the risk so that if there is any indication of losses in one of the phases, there can be immediate alteration done in the next phase. The phase system of planning also helps to reduce the unnecessary cost and complex system of forecasting the cost of materials and other inputs which may go wrong due to any economical shocks In this way, the efficiency of the project planning increases and risk of loss also reduces. (Kimbu Ngoasong, 2013) The role of Property development manager is to finalize the purchases of property and manage the work of architectures and construction companies. They have to assure that the construction rules, zoning ordinance, environmental restrictions are met while purchasing the properties. They assess the potentiality of profit by analyzing the population growth, patterns of trade and tax rules. Further they also analyze the economic trends, value of property and zoning ordinance during the assessment of land for purchase (Gao Mattila, 2014). The role of construction project managers has the overall responsibilities for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of the project. They should have the required skill to judge the task and resolve the conflicts. He is the main person in a Service Team and responsible for successfully deliver the project. They need to work in tight time-schedule with strict budgets and also has to create positive environment and good relationship with the client. They are also responsible for developing the leaders in the offices and on the site and to form the best team that work efficiently and complete the project. Further they are also responsible for planning the time and schedule of delivery of the plan. Furthermore, responsible for day to day task, client assignment, implementation, utilization and technical consultant. They should report the progress of the projects, develop contract with the staffs and produce report on each projects at the mentioned intervals and whenever the situations demand. (Fazelpour, Soltani Rosen, 2014) The facility manager is the responsible for organising the workplace and make sure that the requirement of the employees are met at the workplace.. They have to ensure that the service and process which supports the core business are managed properly. He should ensure that the working environment is suitable for the employees. The facility managers are required for both day-today activities and strategic planning. Their areas of responsibilities are cleaning, vending and catering, maintenance of building and grounds, security, health and safety, space management, procurement management and communications and utilities management (Ć osiĆ¡ et al.,2014). The responsibility of facility managers covers several department of an organization and ensures that the services are provided to all the employees without any discrimination. Their roles include, supervising and coordinating the contractors work, maximising the value of money while purchasing goods and services for the employees, ensuring the safety and security of the staff members, ensures the cleanliness o the environment and similar other roles (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). The town Planner is a person who designs the town and can influence the life of the people residing in the town. He is an influential person and has a role in planning the design of the town with households, business and children. He is responsible for the cleanliness of the town and proper planning for household construction, efficient business areas and beatification of the town (Buonomano et al.,2015). All the four profiles differ from each other and concentrate on their job. The property developer task is to make investment in fruitful properties for the company whereas the construction project manger task comes after the property developer. He is concerned with the completion of the construction within the time-frame. Further the facilities manager is responsible for the facilities provided at the workplace for the employees where as the town planner is responsible for the proper planning of the town with availability of necessary things in the town. All the positions are import ant at their level (Benn,Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Sustainability means use of materials in activities that protect the environment from any kind of depletion. It is a practice through which the environment can be saved from getting affected from usage of products that are not friendly to environment. The sustainability in construction refers to the use of material for creating structures should be environmentally friendly with respect to design, operation construction, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. The terms used for sustainable buildings are green construction, high performing building and green building (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer 2014). The organization should try to prioritize energy consumption while construction of buildings, they should not waste water and must think of water conservation strategies. The waste disposal should be effective and can be used to produce natural gas. The practice of sustainable building is about integrating operations, constructions, designs and maintenance. The sustainable buildings construction does not only think of obtaining return on investment but it improves the entire life cycle of the project and also benefits the society by saving the environment. Sustainability refers to reduce disposal cost by recycling the waste and optimising the use of resource. Also, using materials which are less harmful to the environment for construction purpose (Ayoub et al., 2014). The example of sustainable construction technique is to build the buildings with keeping in mind the 3Rs, i.e. Reduces, Re-uses, Recycles. One of the examples of sustainable construction is Gish Apartment in SanJose, California which has received LEED certification for Homes. The important sustainable feature is the rooftop which is of photovoltaic system that gives 30% of the electricity for the common areas in the buildings. The material used for construction was environmentally preferable materials. The construction waste is diverted from the landfill. Further the building uses 36% less indoor water. The buildings in order to save water are using air-cooled chillers rather than water-cooled chiller.LED lights are used wherever possible to save electricity and 80% of the construction waste was diverted from landfills. Further, daylight sensors, extra insulations, condensed gas boilers and extensive skylights are some of the key usage to maintain sustainability in the building. Last ly, low-emitting paints, carpeting, coatings and good air ventilation are used for sustainability (Uecker Walker, 2012). The people involved in business activities in the region should be educated by the need of sustainable development in the country to protect the resources from depletion The growing need of sustainable practices should be understood by them and they need to be educated about it so that they can meet the sustainable requirement in their operations. The demand for sustainable development that needs to be present in todays business widely varies from that of traditional requirements. The construction contractors, the hotel managers, the facility managers and other people involved in hotel business activity should be aware of what sustainability means and should practice it at every stage of business. It will set the trend and in future the practice of sustainability wil becomes the regular practice. Sustainability is important to save the country and the world from the continuous depletion of resources and improve the environmental conditions which is important for healthy survival of human being. References Ayoub, N., Musharavati, F., Pokharel, S. and Gabbar, H.A., (2014). Energy consumption and conservation practices in QatarA case study of a hotel building.Energy and Buildings,84, pp.55-69. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Buonomano, A., Calise, F., Palombo, A., Vicidomini, M. (2015). Energy and economic analysis of geothermalsolar trigeneration systems: A case study for a hotel building in Ischia.Applied Energy,138, 224-241. Carroll, A. B., Buchholtz, A. K. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Ć osiĆ¡, B., VujanoviĆ¡, M., PerkoviĆ¡, L., MikulÄ iĆ¡, H., Novosel, T., TomiĆ¡, T., DuiĆ¡, N. (2014). Pre-feasibility study of new solar cooling/heating system in hotel Marina-ADRIACOLD Project Deliverable 6.2. Fazelpour, F., Soltani, N., Rosen, M. A. (2014). Feasibility of satisfying electrical energy needs with hybrid systems for a medium-size hotel on Kish Island, Iran.Energy,73, 856-865. Gao, Y. L., Mattila, A. S. (2014). Improving consumer satisfaction in green hotels: The roles of perceived warmth, perceived competence, and CSR motive.International Journal of Hospitality Management,42, 20-31. Kimbu, A. N., Ngoasong, M. Z. (2013). Centralised decentralisation of tourism development: a network perspective.Annals of Tourism Research,40, 235-259. Kim, Y. C., Hong, W. H., Zhang, Y. L. (2014). A study on the efficient method of information offering through survey of asbestos awareness of deteriorated apartment facility managers.Journal of the architectural institute of Korea planning design,30(1), 217-224.

The Development of Ability to Critical Thinking

Authoritarian

Authoritarian The evaluation of particular historical events always depends upon the historians’ perspective and their ideological beliefs. In that regard, any war can be defined as antihuman or patriotic and heroic, depending upon the chosen angle for viewing it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Authoritarian-Minded Populism in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After Thycydides justified the Peloponnesian War as an epochal event for the whole mankind, similar strategies have been implemented by numerous historians, politicians and ruling elites for supporting their claims and finding apologia for their decisions. At present, labeling terror laws as counterterrorism measures, the United States developed torture expertise aimed at creating an authoritarian-minded populism in the country and utilizing the terrorism industry for achieving their political goals. Mechanisms of controlling the masses In the frames of authoritarian-minded populism, the ruling classes of the modern era do everything possible for obscuring communication so that to take the advantages of opacity and limit liberty of population. The mass incarceration, state control, wars and terror are used by the US elites for controlling not only the masses within their country but also spreading their influence on the rest of the globe. The technological and scientific progress cuts both ways, providing plenty of opportunities which can be used for achieving various goals, including those of controlling masses by means of terror. Ulrich Beck coined the term â€Å"risk society† for defining these social shifts in the world community, implying that the products of human activity have become the major sources of hazards as opposed to the past when main risks came from the natural world (Skoll 2010). Testing of the atomic bombs first in desert near New Mexico and then in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and using the premise of nobl e goals of putting an end to the Word War indicated the beginning of a new era of using the nuclear weapon for threatening the world community and controlling it. Historically, Nazi Germania, Fascist Italia and Stalinist Soviet Union can be used as examples of authoritarian regimes which implemented terror for controlling the masses. The two main tactics are widely used by these states for the purpose of affecting the mass consciousness and achieving their goals. The first of them presupposes terrifying the masses with the threat of both internal and external enemies for persuading the population that extraordinary power of the state is necessary for minimizing the associated risks. As it was cited in Skoll (2010), Altheide (2002) noted that â€Å"this tactic reveals itself as the promotion of the dual fears of crime and terrorism† (Skoll 2010, p. 12). The second tactic implies the use of the available state machinery by expanding the military force with the aim of direct phy sical control. Along with expansion of the military force, the obscured communication causing opacity and promoting authoritarian-minded populism are used by the US elites of modern era as one of the most effective instruments for controlling the masses and spreading their influence on the rest of the humanity.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Western model of terrorism For the purpose of controlling the masses, the US administration makes attempts to incept a patriotic model of terrorism into the public consciousness and promote the hidden authoritarian-minded populism. The basic western model of terrorism includes five main components. First of all, it represents the West as an innocent victim and a mere target of the terrorist attacks. However, numerous interventions and military conflicts contradict the claims of the US administration that the only their objectiv e is the peaceful settlement of conflicts by means of non-violent measures. The second component implies that the West only is induced to respond to the use of force by other players. For instance, substituting the term ‘Argentine state policy’ with the word terrorism, the US government managed to justify the mass killings in Argentine between 1976 and 1983 (Herman and O’Sullivan, 1989, p. 38). The third element contrasts the terrorists to Western peacemaking campaigns, claiming that the first never use the civilized conduct. The fourth element of this patriotic model is the statement that even if the West supports certain insurgents, it is done only on behalf of democracy and with the aim of subduing the repressive regimes. The fifth element implies that the US democracy is hated by the world terrorist and is one of the main underlying causes for their attacks. Any attempts of expressing the protest and doubting the propriety of the state policies undergo not on ly government criticism but are immediately suppressed like in the case with Jeff Luers who was imprisoned for ten years for his attempt to express his protest (Luers, interview). Thus, it can be stated that distorting the facts, exaggerating the threats and playing on words, the Western model of terrorism can be used as a powerful instrument of promoting the hidden authoritarian-minded populism in the United States by affecting the public consciousness for justifying the implemented methods and reducing the risks of meeting opposition from the masses. Terror laws Along with obscured communication and the mass opacity which, however, would be insufficient for justifying the terror as a means of controlling the masses, counterterrorism laws are one of the strategies implemented for promoting the authoritarian-minded populism and controlling the masses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Authoritarian-Minded Populism in the United States specifically for you f or only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Implementing the first of the tactics for terrifying the population with internal and external enemies, the United States elites have developed a large counterterrorism establishment. It was in 1980s when the first antiterrorist laws were adopted and allowed chasing the terrorists anywhere on earth though the definition of the term terrorist was rather obscure. It is noted that â€Å"the word ‘bandit’ was used loosely to designate anybody who stood in our way† (Herman and O’Sullivan, 1989, p. 5). It means that the legal act allowed chasing enemies after calling them terrorists due to certain reasons. After the events of 9/11 the apparatus of mass terror and its legal basis were expanded by reorganizing the government agencies and creating additional apologia for military invasions. As opposed to Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and Syria which use authoritarian methods and even do not need the appropriate legal bas is for using terror, the government of the United States required legal rationale for imposing their repressive measures. Taking into account the proclaimed dominance of democratic principles, it can be stated that the US laws are intended to protect the common population from the state power (Silke 2005). However, it did not prevent the United States from using terror as an instrument for achieving the state objectives but rather required more sophisticated methods, including those of making the changes in legislation and confusing the masses by means of obscured communication and promotion of authoritarian-minded populism for affecting the mass consciousness for not only implementing terror but also justifying it in the eyes of the nation and the whole world community. It is stated that â€Å"a new government agency took over many internal control functions by absorbing formerly independent agencies such as the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which became Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)† (Skoll, 2010, p. 13). The role of these measures in promoting the authoritarian-minded populism and further expansion of the so-called counterterrorist legislation preconditioned the occurrence of the so-called conspiracy theories saying that the 9/11 attacks were planned with the assistance of particular members of the US government for the purpose of strengthening and expanding the terror apparatus (Laqueur , 2004, p. 155). Though these conspiracy theories are frequently criticized, they emphasize the direct relationship between the 9/11 events and the following expansion of the terror apparatus and the legal rationale for it.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In general, it can be concluded that the US democratic principles induced the elites to find the ways for modifying the legislation for not only persuading the world community in the propriety of their actions but also ensuring proper legal rationale for it. The terrorism industry The term terrorism industry is used for describing the mechanisms implemented by both the US government and private sectors for the purpose of strengthening the hidden authoritarian-minded populism and controlling the masses. The government and private sectors are intersected and interconnected, uniting their efforts for achieving the common goals. The government plays a major role in selecting, implementing and justifying their strategies to the community. It is significant that since 1980s, a special division aimed at combating the world terrorism has been included into the US State Department. Another significant component of the government terror strategies is the military forces which are built up spe cifically for the purpose of dealing with terrorism. Thus, it can be logically assumed that the government sector has got all the necessary machinery which is required for controlling the masses by terrifying and confusing them. Spreading their influence upon the foreign governments and the intergovernmental organizations, the US elites expand the scope of their activity and try to meet the objective of controlling the rest of the humanity. The private sector including think tanks, lobbying organizations and institutes plays an important role in affecting the public consciousness as well. It is noted that â€Å"by the mid- 1980s organizations like the Hoover Institution, American Enterprise Institute (AEI), the Georgetown Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the Heritage Foundation each had annual budgets in excess of $ 10 million† (Herman and O’Sullivan, 1989, p. 72). It shows how influential these institutions are and the level of income of the i nvolved sponsors interested in their success. Operating in the spheres of intellectual activity and national policy implementation, these organizations can affect the public consciousness and perception of the government strategies significantly. It explains the exaggerated fear of another 9/11 attack among the American population (Kassimeris 2008). Complementing each other, both government and private sectors of terrorism industry are successful in affecting the public consciousness for controlling the masses. Conclusion In general, it can be concluded that promotion of the hidden authoritarian-minded populism is an effective strategy widely used by the US elites for not only controlling masses but also spreading their influence on an international level. Distorting the facts for affecting the public consciousness, persuading the masses in the propriety of the state terror strategies by incepting the Western terrorism model and providing the appropriate legislative rationale. Refer ence List Skoll, Geoffrey. Social Theory of Fear. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Herman, Edward and Gerry, O’Sullivan. The Terrorism Industry: The Experts and Institutions that Shape Our View of Terror. New York: Pantheon Books, 1989. Kassimeris, George (ed.). Playing Politics with Terrorism: A User’s Guide. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Laqueur, Walter. No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc., 2004. Luers, Jeff. Environmental Activist Jeff Free Luers Speaks Out in First Interview After 9.5 Years Behind Bars. December 23, 2009. Silke, Andrew (ed.). Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements and Failures. New York: Frank Cass, 2005.

Microsoft Word Funtionality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Word Funtionality - Research Paper Example Any student or large business employee or owner can benefit from the simplicity of Microsoft Word, as well as the hundreds of options that it comes with to create the perfect report or project. As Microsoft Word is often used to prepare reports for both schools and businesses, one of the most beneficial functions is the ability to make an outline of the required assignment. With the bullets and numbering functions, including special features to do a tiered outline, detailed outlines can be created to prepare the writer and give them the confidence they need to complete their research paper while staying on track. The outline can also help to maintain the notes that the researcher may obtain during their research. Furthermore, through the use of Microsoft PowerPoint paired with Microsoft Word, the outline can be converted into a PowerPoint slide (Ion, 2009), which can be used to present the initial idea of the report to anyone who may ask for it, as well as further help organize the writer. Students especially find constant need to have a computer equipped with Microsoft Word while they sit in on their classes, using the simple features of Word to take notes and organize th eir ideas on the class. Microsoft Word is the most useful program when it comes to writing the actual report. Depending on which update of the software that a student or business person has, they can display their outline to the side of their paper, giving them the opportunity to follow their outline as they write their report. Microsoft Word comes complete with easy to use and easy to access tools that help to make the report unique and appealing to the reader. Changing the font, inserting images, graphs, and diagrams, and creating tables helps to organize the information in the report (The Garlic Press, 2000). These functions are often sought out for businesses and college students as they begin their dissertations and theses. One

Protections and issues surronding the 4th amendement Essay

Protections and issues surronding the 4th amendement - Essay Example These questions will be answered and explained in detail. The Fourth Amendment states, â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (Anonymous 1) Since the ratification of the Fourth Amendment we have had many court rulings directly applying to the use of the Fourth Amendment and its limits and allowances. The amendment itself states emphatically that people must be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. It also clearly states that their security is in their homes, persons and especially their papers and effects. The use of the word effects is based on 18th century English the definition of which at the time meant specifically, movable property. A primary modern legal precedent can be found in Mapp versus Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). This case specifically decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in a criminal prosecution in state or federal courts. (Mapp v. Ohio 1) An interesting aspect of this case came in the dissenting opinion from Justice Harlan who believed that the wrong questions had been asked and that proper information had not been given. The exclusionary rule had also been brought up with this decision as before this decision there had never been a widely applied enforcement of the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is the legal approach that holds that evidence wrongly acquired should be dismissed and is a support for the Fourth Amendment. The exclusionary rule does not however, apply in civil cases, grand jury proceedings or a parole revocation hearing. Some believe that the exclusionary rule causes more negative than positive. Socially this may be the case in that as a result of the exclusionary rule and by default the Fourth Amendment guilty individuals may go free, there is the greater need for justice to be fair and the exclusionary rule ensures that this can happen. The exclusionary rule is the only agreed upon solution for the Supreme Court to assure the effectiveness of the Fourth Amendment. Another case that set legal precedent was Katz versus United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). This case set the precedent for technology and privacy, specifically; one has an expected privacy when making a call from a telephone booth. The decision made it clear that a person could make a private call in a public area. The dissenting opinion from Justice Black said that the Fourth Amendment was meant to protect items from physical search and seizure. (Katz v. United States 1) There have been new approaches to this issue due to the use of the internet and cellular phones which do not necessarily call for a phone booth; however, it has been upheld as case law. Among the modern issues pre sented by adherence to the protections of the Fourth Amendment come as a result of recent terrorist activity within the United States. The Patriot Act or public law 107-56 has been the center of much controversy with its wide reaching allowances especially regarding the protections of the Fourth Amendment. The Patriot Act allows federal and state law enforcement agents to commit searches if a suspect is understood to be a threat to national security. Specifically Title II

New and Distinctive Set of Values Essay Example for Free

New and Distinctive Set of Values Essay To what extent and for what reasons did New Labour succeed in introducing a new and distinctive set of values to the conduct of Britain’s external relations between 1997 and 2010? Introduction As John Rentoul has observed in his biography of Tony Blair, â€Å"Prime Ministers always run their own foreign policy† (Rentoul, 2001: 420). This was certainly true of Tony Blair and New Labour. That itself is a reason why Britain’s external relations in the shape of New Labour’s foreign policy can only be properly understood by reference to the foreign policy philosophy espoused by Blair and his response to world events during his leadership over three terms in office. In New Labour’s third term (2005-10) the interventionist policy that dominated the previous two terms qwas an important hangover even to Gordon Brown’s premiership, although, ultimately Brown’s period as leader was dominated by the global finical crisis. On the eve of the Labour party’s 1997 election victory John Major’s Conservative government had little credibility with the Clinton administration in Washington or with European governments (Wallace, 2005: 54). This was a position that the new Prime Minister, Tony Blair wanted to address. At the Lord Mayor’s Banquet on 10 November 1997 Blair set out five guiding lights on Europe including being a leading partner in Europe. He postulated that the single currency would be â€Å"good for the EU† (Lord Mayors Banquet, 1997). For Blair, British foreign policy should aim to be â€Å"strong in Europe and strong with the US†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that Britain was â€Å"the bridge between the US and Europe† (Lord Mayors Banquet, 1997). At the same venue, on 22 November 1999, Blair implicitly invoked Winston Churchill’s â€Å"three circles† doctrine that conjured up Britain’s relationship with the Commonwealth, the special relationship with the United States and the European dimension. According to Churchill Britain was the pivot around whom these relationships were to exist. Blair, accepting that the British Commonwealth was a â€Å"lost† Empire argued that Britain’s role was that of a pivotal power, as a power that was at â€Å"the crux of the alliances and  international politics which shape the world and its future† (Lord Mayors Banquet, 1997). The intention in this essay is to focus on certain fundamental aspects of New Labour foreign policy that impacted on British relationships with Europe and the World at large. The primary focus will be on the so-called â€Å"Blair Effect† simply because, as Prime Minister, he was pivotal to the New Labour philosophy. Europe As Anne Deighton has observed both the Labour and Conservative parties at various times have suffered internal dissension over the European Union (EU) (Deighton, 2007: 307). The focus of the Labour 1997 general election campaign on Europe was one where the Labour manifesto promised to â€Å"give Britain the leadership in Europe which Britain and Europe need† (Labour-party, 1997). It was important for the Labour party to highlight its commitment to Europe, in contrast to the tensions within the Conservative party. Europe apart, however, the 1997 election campaign did not highlight significant differences between the Labour and Conservative parties. There was an expectation that there would be â€Å"considerable continuity† in foreign affairs in the event of a change of government (Wickham-Jones, 2000: 8). Subsequently, in the course of New Labour’s first term in office Blair made regular pronouncements about Britain’s role in Europe. There was action as well as rhetoric. Shortly after taking office Britain ended its opt-out from the social chapter of the Maastricht Treaty and signed up to the increased EU powers enshrined in the Amsterdam Treaty. British presidency of the EU provided a ready platform for Britain to pursue an enlargement agenda. The St Malo summit in December 1998 provided Blair with a platform to collaborate with President Jacques Chirac of France to promote an Anglo-French initiative on European defence (fco.gov, 1998). This European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) has been described as part of â€Å"arguably the most pro-active upstream period of the Labour government’s utilitarian supranationalism† (Bulmer, 2008: 602). Notwithstanding Blair’s pivotal role  in the creation of the ESDP, it has been argued that, in comparison to Conservative policy on European Security and Defence, the Blair approach was less a seismic shift in British policy, and more of a change of strategy† (Dryburgh, 2010: 271). The essential change, in comparison to the Conservative party approach was one where Blair was prepared to adopt a leadership role in contrast to the former John Major government’s focus of diverting attention away from EU initiatives, and in the case of defence, a focus on the strengthening of NATO (Dryburgh, 2010: 267-268). The relationship between Blair and Gordon Brown was also relevant to the New Labour approach to Europe. On 27 October 1997 Gordon Brown announced the government’s policy on the Euro. This consisted on a three pronged policy that supported (a) a successful single currency, (b) that was constitutionally acceptable but (c) had to satisfy five economic tests (hm-treasury, 2008). This approach was allied to a commitment to hold a referendum on membership of the Euro. The â€Å"key determinant† (Bulmer, 2008: 601) of this policy was the economic tests that included whether joining the Euro would be good for employment. In the event, during Labour’s second term, on 9 June 2003 Gordon Brown announced that only one test was met that relating to a beneficial impact on UK financial services – a result that removed joining the Euro from the political agenda and, in a real sense, reduced New Labour’s pronouncements on the Euro as posturing and meaningless rheto ric. The reality of New Labour’s European strategy was not to alienate the support base that ultimately mattered – the British electorate. The UK was a Euro-sceptic member state of the EU and a UK government’s EU policy could not put at risk a parliamentary majority. The decoupling of the single currency allied to the promise of a referendum in that first term became a legacy of New Labour that has now achieved a degree of permanence that has survived through and beyond the 2010 election. The Blair and New Labour momentum on Europe stalled after the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. The focus on the war on terror and the transatlantic alliance that was nurtured by the 9/11 attacks became an all encompassing distraction with the result that â€Å"Europe has been a central failure of his (Blair’s) premiership† (Riddell, 2005: 383). Ethical foreign policy On 12 May 1997 the then Foreign Secretary Robin Cook declared that â€Å"†¦foreign policy must have an ethical dimension and must support the demands of other people for the democratic rights on which we insist for ourselves† (Rentoul, 2001: 421). Cook denied ever using the phrase â€Å"ethical foreign policy† or that there would be an ethical foreign policy (Wickam-Jones, 2000: 29). What is undeniable is that New Labour, through Cook, viewed human rights as a central plank of foreign policy because human rights were rights â€Å"we claim for ourselves and which we therefore have a duty to defend for those who do not get to enjoy them† (Wickham-Jones, 2000: 11). This ethical dimension served to identify â€Å"clear blue water† between New Labour’s foreign policy and previous administrations, including previous Labour governments (Little, 2000: 4). Furthermore, although the concept of an â€Å"ethical dimension† was articulated by Cook, it chimed with Blair’s â€Å"third way† in the sense that globalisation demanded an approach to the modern world that was â€Å"qualitatively different from the past† (Williams, 2010: 54). The â€Å"ethical dimension,† however, was converted by media sources into an â€Å"ethical foreign policy† and served to create the sense that New Labour â€Å"were introducing ethics to a sphere of government that was previously devoid of ethical commitments† (Williams, 2010:57). Such a lofty ambition was impossible to achieve in the real political world. This philosophy created a platform on which criticism could be levelled to contrast the reality with the aspiration, for example, in connection with the arms trade where New Labour continued a policy that was a â€Å"highly permissive approach to exports† (Cooper, 2001: 73). The ethical dimension strategy became a â€Å"millstone† (Williams, 2010: 61) around the Foreign Secretary’s neck. It is worthy of note that the New Labour manifesto for the 2001 general election with its foreign policy focus on â€Å"Britain strong in the world† (REF) was designed to herald a change in focus. Kosovo and beyond. Blair’s Chicago speech (number-10.gov, 1999) on 22 April 1999 was an important landmark in New Labour’s external relationships. It represented a key moment in â€Å"the history of liberal interventionist discourse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Daddow, 2009: 549). Active involvement in other people’s conflicts was justified if five considerations were satisfied, including exhausting all diplomatic options and being sure of the case for intervention. This interventionist approach relied on the notion that there was a moral dimension to international action that did not depend on the norms of international law. The backdrop to the speech was what Blair described as â€Å"a just war† in Kosovo that was â€Å"based not on any territorial ambitions but on values.† Blair’s vision of success whereby an international force would enter Kosvo and allow refugees to return to their homes was ultimately realised. His strident crusade to provoke NATO and the US President Clinton into action was seen as a triumph that â€Å"earned him great respect with so many of the world leaders† (Rentoul, 2001). Following the September 11 attacks Blair reinforced his interventionist stance at the Labour Party Conference (2001) by declaring that, along with the United States, Britain had a â€Å"duty† to protect the rights of citizens of other states, including those of the Afghan people. On this approach, the carpet-bombing of Afghanistan could be claimed to be â€Å"an action undertaken on behalf of Afghan citizens† (Chandler, 2003: 307). What this policy omits is any real engagement with the Afghan people themselves and, at its crudest, becomes a recipe for innocent collateral loss of life. Iraq became the yardstick against which New Labour’s foreign policy particularly during its second term and the Blair legacy has come to be judged. Iraq was inextricably tied in with the so-called special relationship between Britain and the US and the humanitarian interventionist policy. The special relationship was not new and even today the special relationship has a â€Å"political and ideological superstructure and an embedded military and intelligence structure† (Wallace, 2009: 263). Yet under Blair there was unconditional support for the Bush administration’s desire to invade Iraq. Although the so-called â€Å"Poodle Theory† might be â€Å"simplistic and  at best, overstated† (Azubuike, 2005: 137) Blair was prepared to join Bush in pursuing a disastrous and illegal campaign (Azubuike, 2005: 137). Robin Cook perhaps best summarised the flaw in Blair’s approach – in explaining that by becoming a â€Å"trusty partner of the most reactionary US Administration in modern time† such an â€Å"unlikely alliance† would cause disruption in his own party (Cook, 2003: 2). The New Labour interventionist approach to conflict justified by humanitarian concerns that had proved successful in the past left a legacy that â€Å"turned to ashes† the Blair/New Labour vision of Britain that visualised â€Å"spreading good around the world† (Toynbee and Walker, 2005: p194). Gordon Brown as Prime Minister had to maintain the line that Blair’s foreign policy initiatives were justified because, as a central figure in New Labour he could not detach himself from the major foreign policy goals pursued by New Labour and Blair. Iraq and Afghanistan required to be managed. Conclusion The blueprint for New Labour external relations with a focus on leadership in Europe and an ethical dimension to world events in New Labour’s first term promised much, but by the third term was transformed into one where Europe became an intractable problem clouded by immigration and euro-scepticism. Furthermore, in Europe the New Labour policy of stringent economic tests became an agenda for non-entry to the euro. The New Labour policy of interventionism overlooked the fundamental truth that when it really mattered in Iraq and Afghanistan winning the war in a military sense became irrelevant if peace could not be secured thereafter. A humanitarian agenda without a secure peace becomes an agenda that lacks real morality. New Labour began with a positive external relations agenda that promised much but ultimately failed to deliver. Bibliography Azubuike, J. 2005. The â€Å"Poodle Theory† and the Anglo-American â€Å"Special Relationship†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ International studies, 42(2), pp. 123-139. Bulmer, S. 2008. New Labour, New European Policy? Blair, Brown and Utilitarian Supranationalism, Parliamentary Affairs, 61(4), pp. 597-620. Chandler, D. 2003. Rhetoric without responsibility: the attraction of ‘ethical’ foreign policy, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5(3), pp. 295-316. Cook, R. 2004. The Point of Departure, Diaries from the Front Bench. London: Simon and Schuster UK Ltd. Cooper, N. 2000, Arms Exports New Labour and the Pariah Agenda, Contemporary Security Policy, 21(3), pp. 54-77. Daddow, O. 2009. Tony’s war? Blair, Kosovo and the interventionist impulse in British foreign policy, International Affairs, 85(3), pp. 547-560. Deighton, A. 2001. European Union Policy. In: A Seldon, ed. 2001. The Blair London: Little, Brown and Company. Ch.15. Dryburgh, L. 2010. Blair’s First Government (1997-2001) and European Security and Defence Policy: Seismic Shift or Adaptation?, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 12(2), pp. 257-273 Labour party manifesto, 1997. Archive of Labour Party Manifestos. [online]. Available at: http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml [Accessed on 7 December 2014]. Rentoul, J., 2001. Tony Blair, Prime Minister London: Little, Brown and Company. Riddell, P. 2005. Europe. In: A. Seldon and D. Kavanagh, ed. 2005. The Blair Effect 2001-5, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ch.16. Wallace, W. 2005. The collapse of British foreign policy, International Affairs, 82(1), pp. 53-68. Wallace, W. and Phillips, C. 2009. Reassessing the special relationship, International Affairs, 85(2), pp. 263-284. Whitman, G. R. The Clam After the Storm? Foreign and Security Policy from Blair to Brown, Parliamentary Affairs, 63(4), pp. 834-848. Wickham-Jones, M. 2000. Labour’s trajectory in foreign affairs: the moral crusade of a pivotal power? In: R. Little and M. Wickham-Jones, ed. 2000. New Labours Foreign Policy, Manchester: Manchester University Press. Ch.1. Williams, P. 2010. The Rise and Fall of the ‘Ethical Dimension’: Presentation and Practice in New Labour’s Foreign Policy, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 15(1), pp. 53-63.