Doing Interviews with Anonymous Sources

Whenever possible you want your sources to speak â€Å"on the record.† That means their full name and job title (when relevant) can be used in the news story. But sometimes sources have important reasons – beyond simple shyness - for not wanting to speak on the record. They will agree to be interviewed, but only if they aren’t named in your story. This is called an anonymous source, and the information they provide is typically known as â€Å"off the record.† When Are Anonymous Sources Used? Anonymous sources aren’t necessary – and in fact, are inappropriate - for the vast majority of stories reporters do. Let’s say you’re doing a simple person-on-the-street interview story about how local residents feel about high gas prices. If someone you approach doesn’t want to give their name, you should either convince them to speak on the record or simply interview someone else. There’s absolutely no compelling reason to use anonymous sources in these types of stories. Investigations But when reporters do investigative reports about malfeasance, corruption or even criminal activity, the stakes can be much higher. Sources may risk being ostracized in their community or even fired from their job if they say something controversial or accusatory. These types of stories often require the use of anonymous sources. Example Let’s say you’re investigating allegations that the local mayor has been stealing money from the town treasury. You interview one of the mayor’s top aides, who says the allegations are true. But he’s afraid that if you quote him by name, he’ll be fired. He says he’ll spill the beans about the crooked mayor, but only if you keep his name out of it. What Should You Do? Evaluate the information your source has. Does he have solid evidence the mayor is stealing, or merely a hunch? If he’s got good evidence, then you probably need him as a source.Talk to your source. Ask him how likely it is that he’d be fired if he spoke publicly. Point out that he’d be doing the town a public service by helping to expose a corrupt politician. You may still be able to convince him to go on the record.Find other sources to confirm the story, preferably sources who will speak on the record. This is especially important if your source’s evidence is flimsy. Generally, the more independent sources you have to verify a story, the more solid it is.Talk to your editor or to a more experienced reporter. They can probably shed some light on whether you should use an anonymous source in the story you’re working on. After following these steps, you may decide you still need to use an anonymous source. But remember, anonymous sources don’t have the same credibility as named sources. For this reason, many newspapers have banned the use of anonymous sources entirely. And even papers and news outlets that don’t have such a ban will seldom if ever, publish a story based entirely on anonymous sources. So even if you have to use an anonymous source, always try to find other sources who will speak on the record. The Most Famous Anonymous Source Undoubtedly the most famous anonymous source in the history of American journalism was Deep Throat. That was the nickname given to a source who leaked information to Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein as they investigated the Watergate scandal of the Nixon White House. In dramatic, late-night meetings in a Washington, D.C., parking garage, Deep Throat provided Woodward with information on the criminal conspiracy in the government. In exchange, Woodward promised Deep Throat anonymity, and his identity remained a mystery for more than 30 years. Finally, in 2005, Vanity Fair revealed Deep Throat’s identity: Mark Felt, a top FBI official during the Nixon years. But Woodward and Bernstein have pointed out that Deep Throat mostly gave them tips on how to pursue their investigation, or simply confirmed information they had received from other sources. Ben Bradlee, The Washington Posts editor-in-chief during this period, often made a point of forcing Woodward and Bernstein to get multiple sources to confirm their Watergate stories, and, whenever possible, to get those sources to speak on the record. In other words, even the most famous anonymous source in history was no substitute for good, thorough reporting and plenty of on-the-record information.

Anti Vaccine Movement Is Making Strong Waves Upon Society

There was a time in history when nearly all children in America had contracted the measles virus before the age of 16. This was in the decade before 1963. During this time, each year an estimated three to four million people in the United States were infected, with 48,000 hospitalized, and 400-500 fatalities. In 1963 the measles virus vaccine was licensed in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Today, the notoriously rampant measles virus is almost unheard of. Measles is one of many diseases that have been prevented, or eradicated by the use of vaccines. Today many of America’s most infamous diseases such as Measles, Hepatitis A, Mumps, and Pertussis have seen a greater than 85% decrease in reported contractions since the pre-vaccine era, and the Smallpox virus has been completely eradicated (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Despite all of the remarkable statistics proving the effectiveness of vaccines, today’s anti-vaccine moveme nt is making strong waves upon society. The last decade has seen the seemingly brilliant solution to disease epidemics turn into a highly controversial subject. The ongoing debate between pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine has credible arguments on both sides. Those who are pro-vaccine have the overwhelming statistics of disease prevention to their disposal, and the anti-vaccine argument can argue that there are potentially safer ways to prevent the spread of disease. The health aspects of vaccines have beenShow MoreRelatedChildhood Vaccinations And The Immunization Schedule3666 Words   |  15 Pagesforms of information, both credible and not, how do we evaluate the correlation of vaccines and childhood allergies? The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate arguments stated by key players in the controversy over the link between allergies and vaccinations. 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Many experts think that the first stage, when plants are grown in the fields or consumable drugs are produced in the laboratory, is the most vulnerable point in the chain of illicit production, distribution and consumption. The second major stage, the distribution phase, is also considered by some as an equally good intervention point for drug control purposes. However, the potential for easy movement, disguise and diversion of drugRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesvulnerable to HIV/AIDS and determine the focus of response required at each epidemic stage. The tool has purposely been kept simple for easy use and needs to be refined. Moreover, parameters to the proposed indicators need to be established and agreed upon. At this stage, the purpose of the matrix is to underscore the need for dynamic, rather than static, responses to HIV epidemics and to link responses to epidemic dynamics. Table 2: HIV/AIDS Vulnerability and Mitigation Matrix AIDS Impact Level |

The Department of Spatial Information

Questions: The Department of Spatial Information (DSI) has considered your assessment of the deployment model, risk management and security issues for the Online Spatial Delivery System (OSDS). They have decided that they need an additional assessment on the technical management and the SLA. You have been assigned the task of providing DSI Executive Management with an assessment of the management requirements and the provisions of the SLA for the chosen cloud vendor. You are to: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 3. Use Erls SLA guidelines to assess the SLA for your chosen provider. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 4. Provide a covering one to two page executive summary of these two assessments to DSI Executive Management and summarise the major opportunities and risks that have been identified in your assessments. Answers: Executive Summary Department for Spatial Information was primarily responsible for publicizing spatial information into the public domain in its documented formats. The problem, however, was faced when it was needed to distribute the documents to many people when they demanded the information. To make the distribution option faster and easier so that information transfer can be achieved through the web, cloud computing was an option that was considered and which could solve the purpose. Furthermore, cloud computing would also give the organization ability to have a real time visibility into the organizations systems. This paper primarily explores the idea of making use of a cloud for the purpose of DSI and its aim was to apprehend the operational requirement and feasibility of the company while adapting to the cloud computing platform for all or some of its significant operations. For this purpose, this report mainly explores the case of Department for Spatial Information which was planning to migrate its current IT infrastructure and operations to a cloud system for which purpose the AWS cloud services by Amazon was studied to figure out whether it was capable of fulfilling the needs of this organization in regards to the SLA and operational requirements of this company. For the study, the PaaS deployments model was selected for the case as it was decided in last assessment of the DSI. To check the cloud services appropriateness, AWS cloud service was explored and judged best on its operational parameters. It included exploration the operational checklist for assessment and adoption of Amazons Service Level Agreements as well as its AWS services. Most of the basic operations needed to run cloud computing successfully in an enterprise environment were found to be diploid properly. These included load balancing, storage recovery, elastic storage, access management etc. All of these features and requirements were available and functional in the event of AWS, when implemented in DSI. SLAs were assessed with the help of parameters like security, reliability, ethical codes etc. Basis assessment it is observed that Amazon has taken all the measures to take care of the requirements of SLAs. Also its track record of having consumer-centric approach along with customer friendly policies adopted by the Amazon team is up to the satisfaction. Basis this findings their AWS can be recommended to be right choice for the cloud solution (ITProPortal, 2013). SLA requirement Due to the fact that organization is shifting into cloud computing to manage its recourses, its administrators will need to administer as well as configure the applications remotely through the cloud with the help of certain cloud computing tools and user interface. This can be done by a remote administrations system by supplying a relevant portal that could be used by its administrator for the purpose of managing SLAs and various resources. Also, this system will have specific tools which can be used for modification of online portals feature particularly for customization. Likewise different portals can be created for users and administrators of the company. Administrators would use the same for the purpose of managing its technology architecture and IT resource usage. The users will be able to use certain services, which includes spatial information reports. Establishing this system will require a few formalities and activities to be done. These formalities and activities include: Planning IT resources capacities and provisioning Monitoring all of the access to services based on the cloud both externally and internally Management of access control, user accounts, authorization , authentication mechanism and their security credentials Management of usage costs and leasing Monitoring whether fulfillments are received as per SLAs and Quality of Service Monitoring mechanism specially for tracking service usage, status and its performance Setting up the cloud services Cloud computings configuration Provision of every required IT resources on cloud Access control mechanism to decide levels of access that needs to be given to all levels of users Provision for leasing of the PaaS model for deployment Organization can prepare a checklist that may be used as a tool by the organization for assessing whether all of its needs are adequately addressed for the specific cloud solution which is being deployed. Here in this study, Amazon Web Services is being considered to be used for its cloud computing service. For which following checklist is prepared for enterprise and basic operations: Item Access Management (IAM) and AWS Identity are providing users credentials which are not shared Our Productions AWS accounts are signed for its enterprise support Suitable storage type is deployed for the Amazon Elastic Blocks Store after understanding recovery options and backups In the event of Application components being started, AWS would employ dynamic IP addressing system to function We will be incorporating AWS trusted advisors reports in this reviews Amazon EBS volumes will be used for database requirements and operating system Amazon EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) will be backed up in the system time to time by using EBS snapshots Recovery options and procedure of Amazon EC2 is tested at regular interval for failure through AMIs (Amazon Machine Images) All of the applications critical components are arranged across zones by the use of Elastic Load Balancing Sensitive and confidential like authorization key files and embedded instance key pairs are removed We have tested processes used for security, updates and patches for its AMI services, applications and operating systems regularly For the purpose of mapping of DNS along with Elastic Loads Balancing, CNAME records are used Not all primary private keys for its AWS instance shared and adequate access credentials must be used for its operating system Security rules are implemented for group as per the topology of hierarchy Enterprise operations checklist Category Description Accounting and billing Develop an approach to manage accounts and bills Ascertain whether multi accounts will be used and also how billing will be done Deployment and release Development of a strategy for deployment and integration of the releases according to the change management approach and configuration Access and Security Develop strategy for data access, network, console, operating system and management of API Asset Management Development of strategy for tracking and identification of cloud services Application resilience It should be ensured that this solution meets all resilience requirements of the deployed application and also provides high availability Configuration and change Development of a strategy for change and managing configuration Backup It should be ensured that solution either adequately addresses or exceeds its requirements of back up and disaster recovery Management and Monitoring of incidences Integrate resources in the incidence management process and use appropriate monitoring tools Disaster and Backup Applications which are built over a cloud needs to be resilient to any failure such that they are classified separated from the usual failure causes. To ensure this, Amazon EC2 takes help of Elastic Cloud computing model. This model has tools that can be used by its developers to create a solid and resilient framework. There is a consistent need to have a network that is resilient and has high availability. These requirements have only gown over the years due to the face that many critical information and processes have shifted to the cloud. Organizations around the world are looking to significantly minimize the downtime even in the case of any disaster. Amazon for its could services claims tp extend an uptime of close to 99%. Resilience of AWS: Block level storage for volumes of data is allowed by Amazon over Amazons EC2 instances. Each of these volumes is then automatically replicated according to its specific availability zones such that the clients are protected from any component failures. Which means that even in the event of any such failures, high availability is ensured. Backup by AWS: For its cloud services Amazon adequately addresses the need to have backups for its multiple data centers also at remote branches. This is in addition to having whole infrastructures backup at its main data centers maintained by the organization. Each of its sites, for faster recovery options in case of any disaster, contains a storage gateway. Apart from these options, an User endpoint protection system is also provided through its storage gateways which is used for creating its backups with an automated storage system and encryption for its protections, synchronization of data, data duplication and bandwidth throttling, data duplication (Onlinetech.com, 2016). Recovery in the event of a Disaster by AWS: In case of any disaster, AWS gives an option for storage gateway which enables recovery and this contains all duplicated data. This may also contain a compressed version of its server data and this can be accessed via internet. Once these data is recovered, the decryption also can be done in order to recover procedures. The gateway for storage can be migrated into the cloud from AMI directly making the deployment easier in case of any disaster. Its storage gateways connect its software applications to the storage to provide a smooth service through its integrated infrastructures. Also, the direct connection features allow direct connections between the AWS and on-premise storage. Using this strategy has many benefits for organizations such as consistency of connection, increased throughput and reduction in its network costs. AWSs SLA Assessment A SLA i.e. Service Level Agreement is a set of document specifically maintained for declaring and standardizing obligations the rights of both party (service provider and service user) to the contract. Service provider in this case is Amazon. Specific guidelines for SLAs make it necessary to have such contracts in place to have ensured features such as defined levels of its security, reliability and availability of the cloud service, clarity on support mechanism extended by the service provider and defined levels of security. Service providers need to ensure that some basic ethical codes of its conduct are adhered to and this includes honoring of the right and privacy of its clients and display of confidentiality, honesty, discretion, competency and integrity. Amazons AWS SLAs very clearly defines the expected consistency of the system with a promise of 99% uptime monthly in its agreement. This makes its SLA very reliable. They also have a provision of a support center that can be connected to for any cases where the uptime drops below the expected desired levels. As per Amazons policy in its agreement, clouds security and consistency is given very high priority. The developers have also created a security model which allows companies adopting AWS to work under a very secure environment. There are many strength of its AWS SLAs. Some of these are mentioned below: AWS lets its customers have control over network topologies and connections and through provisions of VPS i.e. Virtual Private Cloud and also Direct connects. Its AWS has high capabilities for load balancing for its applications running on cloud through a technique called Elastic Load Balancing and this is metrics-driven AWS also has capabilities for rapid and convenient scaling along with a rich variety of add on solutions and software for customization. There are also many options available across zones to enable data servers at its nearest locations for the clients AWS SLA also provides a few value added services like memory caching, DNS, Content delivery network and relational database etc. Its SLAs, however, also have few drawbacks which might be a concern regarding adapting to AWS cloud. Some of these concerns are: While Amazon makes available all of its information on its websites other documentation procedures, there is no availability of single instance SLA. Their SLAs also dont have any histories version that can make it tough for the companies to take steps and actions in the event of any contractual issues and service violations. In spite of these issues, the reputations of its services are very strong. And Amazon is always committed to accept, learn and also improve its AWS architecture every day. In the event of any mistake in SLAs, they are willing to accept these and help customers in rectifying the impacts of any of these mistakes(Gartner, 2014). Therefore, considering all above explained pros and cons it can be said that Amazons SLA for AWS service is pretty fair agreement especially considering its reputation as well as availability of all documentation which will certainly make it a safe proposal for the company to choose AWS as its cloud service. References Gartner. (2014). Amazon Web Services Bottom-Line Assessment. Gartner. ITProPortal. (2013). Big data: 5 major advantages of Hadoop | ITProPortal.com. mitsm.de, (2016). [online] Mitsm.de. Netsuite.com. (2016). Resource Management, Resource Utilization, Resource Management System - NetSuite. Onlinetech.com. (2016). Benefits of Disaster Recovery in Cloud Computing. Zechmeister, C., Tomic, A., Ravirala, R., Nunn, J. (2014).

Outsourcing Intrusion Detection System for Health Organization

Information technology outsourcing has over the last several decades experienced substantial growth to become a basic strategy employed by many organizations across the world, with academics and industry suggesting that this growth is bound to be prolonged and maintained in the near future (Abu-Musa, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Outsourcing Intrusion Detection System for Health Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These authors further posit that IT related activities, which were once executed almost exclusively in-house by most organizations, are now regularly outsourced or off-shored to dedicated vendors. But as observed by Goodman Ramer (2007), outsourcing or offshoring of IT services inflates the potential for organizations to be exposed to a number of system vulnerabilities, mainly due to the intimate connections with network systems. This paper purposes to not only describe how Northern Arizona Healthcare hospital chain has outsourced an intrusion detection system (IDS) to prevent such system vulnerabilities on critical patient health information, but also to outline some potential advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing this component. According to Schoberle (2007) personal health information (PHI) privacy and security concerns should be central to any health organization as the health data is perceived as one of the most private facets of life for many people. To secure such data, therefore, effective IDS can prove to be an invaluable tool because it would have the capacity to perform early detection of malicious activity and probably thwart more serious attacks to the protected site (Barnes, n.d.). In this regard, the Northern Arizona Healthcare hospital chain has outsourced IDS from Perot Systems to assist in the process of analyzing logs to determine system vulnerabilities, auditing and prevent intrusion (Brenner, 2005; Bezroukov, 2011).Advertising Lo oking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The IDS can be said to form the third layer of the physical security of the health organization outsourced from a third party (Perot Systems) with a view to manage, monitor, and respond to physical security alerts through systematic and coordinated analysis of system logs to detect system and network vulnerabilities. The IDS in Northern Arizona Healthcare is basically composed of three components, which include sensors, analyzers, and the user interface (Brenner, 2005). While the sensors are charged with the responsibility of gathering data or evidence of an intrusion, the analyzers are responsible for receiving input from the sensors and determining if an intrusion has really occurred. Indeed, it is the analyzers that provide direction on what actions the Managed Security Service Provider (Perot Systems) should take as a consequence of the intrusion. Lastly, the user interface to IDS allows the analysts to observe output from the network system or manage the behavior noted in the system (Brenner, 2005; Ya-Yueh, 2011). Although the IDS does not prevent malicious actions or network threats, it has been instrumental in assisting the health organization get early warning signs of a malicious attack or misuse, thus enabling the Managed Security Service Provider to not only alter installations defensive posture to enhance resistance to attack, but also confirm secure configurations and operation of other security features such as firewalls (Ya-Yueh, 2011). Consequently, intrusions and attacks on the organization’s patient health information database have been reduced. Available literature demonstrates that there exist many advantages and several disadvantages of outsourcing IDS to enhance security for sensitive patient information. One of the main advantages of outsourcing IDS to a Managed Security Service Provider, According to Fitzparick (2008), †Å"†¦is that security should be the MSSP’s key business function; thus, they should focus their resources on the current security technologies, strategies, education and personnel while monitoring the internet for the latest vulnerabilities and threats† (p. 14-15).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Outsourcing Intrusion Detection System for Health Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outsourcing not only ensures that the health organization is able to create competitiveness through focusing on core activities and engaging in cost and efficiency savings, but it increases productivity, enhances operational control, and facilitates staffing flexibility (Abu-Musa, 2011 ). As already mentioned, outsourcing information security has its own downsides. Fitzparick (2008) argues that as the responsibility for intrusion detection shifts to the third party service provider, â€Å"†¦the client l oses experience, knowledge, and skills that are gained by investigating security events; technical skills are dulled as the internal team relies on the knowledge of the MSSP analyst† (p. 17). Second, the service provider may not have the capacity to understand their client’s security requirements, thereby occasioning a situation that will see the client receive very generic service from the provider. Outsourcing also increases the potential for possible attacks and other system vulnerabilities by elongating â€Å"communication channels and increasing the number of organizations and computer networks that touch the data† (Goodman Ramer, 2007, p. 812). Lastly, it is expensive to outsource IDS. To conclude, it is indeed true that ensuring the security and safety of patient health information should be a foremost responsibility for any health organization (Schoberle, 2007). This paper has discussed how such information could be secured through outsourcing intrusion detection and prevention components, and the pros and cons associated with such outsourcing. The onus, therefore, should be for individual health organizations to decide how best they could protect sensitive patient health information – and outsourcing IDS represent one of the many possibilities. Reference List Abu-Musa, A.A. (2011). Exploring information systems/technology outsourcing in Saudi organizations: An empirical study. Journal of Accounting Business Management, 18(2), 17-73. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barnes, J. (n.d.). Intrusion detection systems in hospitals: What, why, and where. Web. Bezroukov, N. (2011). Syslog analyzers. Web. Brenner, B. (2005). Report: IT shops lax about logging. Web. Fitzparick, V. (2008). Intrusion detection and prevention: In-sourced or out-sourced. SANS Institute. Goodman, S.E., Ramer, R. (2007). Global sourcing of IT services and information security: Prudence before playing. Communications of AIS, 20(2), 812-823. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. Schoberle, C. (2007). Personal health information: Privacy and security considerations in outsourcing and offshoring decisions. Web. Ya-Yueh, S. (2011). Effects of the outsourcing of information systems on user satisfaction: An empirical study at Taiwanese hospitals. International Journal of Management, 28(1), 127-138. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. This essay on Outsourcing Intrusion Detection System for Health Organization was written and submitted by user Carter Shaffer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Homeless Summary Research Paper Example

Homeless Summary Research Paper Example Homeless Summary Paper Homeless Summary Paper These advocacy programs would not be possible without the support of federal funding from state and local organizations. These programs include the McKinney-Event Homeless Assistance Grants, Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, Joint U. S. Departments of Housing and urban Development (HUT), and Veterans Affairs (VA) Supportive Housing (HUT-VASS), to name only a few (Alliance to End Homelessness, 2011). The National Alliance to End Homelessness encourages a policy of advocacy in Congress and local government. They believe that members of Congress will be more likely to promote change if they are given to opportunity to understand how many people In their district are suffering and what can be done to stop It. The Alliance explains how advocacy can make a difference, Just by calling and writing to policy makers or building relationships with them by meeting with them or Inviting them to attend a program explaining the problems homeless people face every day. The Alliance works with Congress directly through meetings and organized campaigns with advocates throughout the country. They encourage ordinary people to advocate at home, by writing or faxing letters to their Senators and Representatives asking them to Increase funding for programs that provide assistance and lad to the omelets; or by working with the media to help raise awareness of Just how serious the Issue of homelessness In America Is today (Alliance to End Homelessness, 2011). The National Coalition for the Homeless also promotes advocacy and mediation as methods to help the homeless and produce changes. Their advocates work with the departments of Housing Justice, Healthcare Justice, Economic Justice, and Civil Rights. They do not just wish to help those in need; they want to prevent and end it altogether. Their policy proposes a bill that could become the federal governments s first comprehensive response to the causes and consequences of homelessness. They hope to do this through their Bring America Home Act. The housing security provisions of the act calls for a national goal of ending homelessness; additional funding for the National Housing Trust Fund, and the establishment of a new rural rental housing assistance program. The act also includes civil rights provisions, which call for the removal of homeless persons?w barriers to obtaining identification, the addition of homeless people as a protected class to hate crime statistics, and edition funding to Legal Services Corporation to provide legal representation In eviction proceedings. Their website offers fact sheets and readings about the issues of homelessness and provides information for anyone who would want to help (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). I believe mediation and advocacy is extremely effective and appropriate for homelessness organizations. Their advocacy policies encourage people to take action through letter writing and changing the law, not Day angrily protesting Ana making a scene. I nee unreason Tanat tongue advocacy, they can reach out to government officials such as members of Congress, Senators, and Representatives to make the necessary changes that will become a permanent solution.

31 Beautiful Quotes to Say, I Love You

31 Beautiful Quotes to Say, I Love You The three simple words, I love you, might not seem like enough to really express how you feel. After all, how can a measly 10 characters (including spaces) adequately plumb the depths of your soul? Tell that special someone whats in your heart with some eloquence and grace after getting some ideas from some famous romances- and romantics- through the ages. Hearing thoughtful words never gets old, even if your sweetie already knows your love is true. George Moore George Moore was a 19th-century Irish poet. It is said that he was in love with Lady Cunard  and had a secret relationship with her. Although Moore was keen to dedicate a novel for his lover, Lady Cunard did not want to publicize their relationship. Eventually, Moore convinced Lady Cunard to let him write a dedication to her in his novel  Heloise and Abelard. However, Lady Cunard made sure that Moore only mentioned her as Madame X and did not use her real name. This quote is from a collection of his letters that were published as Letters to Lady Cunard published in 1957: The hours I spend with you I look upon as sort of a perfumed garden, a dim twilight, and a fountain singing to it. You and you alone make me feel that I am alive. Other men, it is said to have seen angels, but I have seen thee and thou art enough. Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Elizabeth Barrett was a well-known poet even before she met her future husband,  Robert Browning. An invalid and a recluse, Elizabeth had found her true love. The 573 letters they wrote to each other started in 1845 with Robert writing to say how much he enjoyed her work. The couple fell deeply in love, but their relationship was frowned upon by Elizabeths strict and dominating father. On September 12, 1846, they eloped. After the wedding, Elizabeth returned home  but kept her marriage a secret. Eventually, she fled with Robert to Italy and never returned to her fathers home. This quote reflects her deep love for her husband: I love you not only for what you are but for what I am when I am with you. Robert didnt hide his feelings either: So, fall asleep love, loved by me...for I know love, I am loved by thee.   King Henry VIII King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn were an unlikely match. Their desire to marry was the root cause of the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, which would not grant him a release from his first marriage. King Henry VIII was so besotted by Anne Boleyn that he chased her until she agreed to marry him. He wrote Anne in a love letter in 1528: I beseech you now with all my heart definitely to let me know your whole mind as to the love between us... More Famous Words  of Love Love letters of most people remain private, unless, of course, you become famous. From Johnny Cash to June Carter Cash You’ve got a way with words and a way with me as well. The...ring of fire still burns around you and I, keeping our love hotter than a pepper sprout.   We get old and get used to each other. We think alike. We read each others minds. We know what the other wants without asking. Sometimes we irritate each other a little bit. Maybe sometimes take each other for granted. But once in a while, like today, I meditate on it and realize how lucky I am to share my life with the greatest woman I ever met. You still fascinate and inspire me. You influence me for the better. Youre the object of my desire, the #1 Earthly reason for my existence. Herman Hesse If I know what love is, it is because of you. Charlie Parker to Chan Woods   Beautiful is the world, slow is one to take advantage. Wind up the world the other way. And at the start of the turning of the earth, lie my feelings for thou. Herbert Trench Come, let us make love deathless. Woodrow Wilson, to future wife, Edith You have the greatest soul, the noblest nature, the sweetest, most loving heart I have ever known, and my love, my reverence, my admiration for you, you have increased in one evening as I should have thought only a lifetime of intimate, loving association could have increased them. Rockwell Kent to wife, Frances And as I love you utterly, so have you now become the whole world of my spirit. It is beside and beyond anything that you can ever do for me; it lies in what you are, dear love- to me so infinitely lovely that to be near you, to see you, hear you, is now the only happiness, the only life, I know.   Cassandra Clare, City of Glass I love you, and I will love you until I die, and if theres a life after that, Ill love you then. Prince Albert to Queen Victoria Even in my dreams I never imagined that I should find so much love on earth.  How that moment shines for me still when I was close to you, with your hand in mine. Pearl S. Buck I love people. I love my family, my children†¦but inside myself is a place where I live all alone and thats where you renew your springs that never dry up. Jessie B. Rittenhouse My debt to you, Beloved, Is one I cannot pay In any coin of any realm On any reckoning day. John Keats   My dear Girl I love you ever and ever and without reserve. The more I have known you the more have I lov’d....Can I help it? You are always new. The last of your kisses was ever the sweetest; the last smile the brightest; the last movement the gracefullest. When you pass’d my window home yesterday, I was fill’d with as much admiration as if I had then seen you for the first time...No ill prospect has been able to turn your thoughts a moment from me. This perhaps should be as much a subject of sorrow as joy- but I will not talk of that. Even if you did not love me I could not help an entire devotion to you: how much more deeply then must I feel for you knowing you love me. My Mind has been the most discontented and restless one that ever was put into a body too small for it. I never felt my Mind repose upon anything with complete and undistracted enjoyment- upon no person but you. When you are in the room my thoughts never fly out of window: you always concentrate my whole senses.   Cole Porter Birds do it, bees do it, even educated fleas do it; let’s do it, let’s fall in love. Mark Twain to Olivia Langdon Out of the depths of my happy heart wells a great tide of love and prayer for this priceless treasure that is confined to my life-long keeping. You cannot see its intangible waves as they flow towards you, darling, but in these lines you will hear, as it were, the distant beating of the surf. Ralph Waldo Emerson Thou art to me a delicious torment. Ronald Reagan to Nancy Reagan When you arent there Im no place, just lost in time and space. I more than love you, Im not whole without you. You are life itself to me.  When you are gone Im waiting for you to return so I can start living again. Stephen King The most important things are the hardest to say, because words diminish them. Frida Kahlo to Diego Rivera I’d like to paint you, but there are no colors, because there are so many, in my confusion, the tangible form of my great love. Anonymous So many times I thought I would never find someone to love me the way I needed to be loved. Then you came into my life and showed me what true love really is! Beth Revis, Across the Universe And in her smile I see something more beautiful than the stars. Ernest Hemingway to Marlene Dietrich I cant say how every time I ever put my arms around you I felt that I was home. Napoleon Bonaparte to Josà ©phine de Beauharnais The charms of the incomparable Josephine kindle continually a burning and a glowing flame in my heart†¦I thought that I loved you months ago, but since my separation from you I feel that I love you a thousand fold more. Each day since I knew you, have I adored you more and more. Victoria Michaels, Trust in Advertising I won’t lie to you. We aren’t going to ride off into the sunset together and have everything fixed overnight. I know that, and I think you do too. But I’m willing to work at it, if you are. I do love you. I mean that with every cell in my body, every breath that I take. I think you’re worth it. I think we’re worth it. I think you could be the great love of my life, Vincent Drake. Richard Burton to Elizabeth Taylor My blind eyes are desperately waiting for the sight of you. Ludwig von Beethoven to Immortal Beloved Even in bed my ideas yearn towards you, my Immortal Beloved, here and there joyfully, then again sadly, awaiting from Fate, whether it will listen to us. I can only live, either altogether with you or not at all.   What longing in tears for you- You- my Life- my All- farewell. Oh, go on loving me- never doubt the faithfullest heart Of your beloved L Ever thine. Ever mine. Ever ours.​

Corporates Fighting Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporates Fighting Poverty - Essay Example Coca-Cola Foundation is the main charitable company of Coca-Cola. The foundation receives requests from needy individuals and tries their best to respond to the requests. The company vows to give back to the society 1% of their operating income annually. According to statistics, the company injected at least $143 million to help communities worldwide. The program to help the needy will work well if there is a good relationship the society and companies that exist to make profits. The program will be for a company that manufactures food products. The solutions of the program will aim to help the individual at the bottom of the pyramid. The main aim of the program will be to provide the poor with realistic interventions that will help uplift their standards of living. The program will be sustainable because the products modification will be able to benefit the poor. The products will have nutrients that the regular products do not have to help poor families. There are certain nutrients that normal products lack but are available in other food products. Since the needy do not have the ability to access all the food products, having a product that is rich in nutrients is important. The product will be of economic importance to the company because of developing a market for the needy individuals. The product will be good for business because it will expand their market among the low-income group of individual. The program will have the ability to exploit the market to create sustainable community transformation.

Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles Coursework

Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles - Coursework Example Conclusion 18 References 1. Introduction Electric vehicles have become a strong trend in the global market. The benefits of electric vehicles, as analyzed above, compared to the conventional vehicles are often used as a justification for promoting the use of these vehicles worldwide. In this context, the following problem appears: which would be the impact of replacing a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle with an electric vehicle capable of similar duty? The above issue is explored in this paper. The following condition is set† the platform of the vehicle remain the same. For the needs of this paper, an electric car has been chosen as the mode of the vehicle, the use of which will be modified. While exploring this issue it has been necessary to cover a series of other topics, such as the characteristics and the differences of electric vehicles compared to the conventional vehicles. ... In any case, conventional vehicles are more likely to cause severe environmental damages, even if the last years their environmental impact has been effectively controlled (Larminie and Lowry 2003, p.258), a fact that can be used for confronting the negative criticism against the conventional vehicles. It should be noted that the replacement of a conventional vehicle with an electric vehicle is not always unavoidable, since conventional vehicles can also promote sustainability, even at lower levels than the electric vehicles. However, if other benefits are targeted, then such replacement should be based on the rules and the processes presented below. 2. The Impact of Replacing a Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle with an Electric Vehicle Capable of Similar Duty 2.1 Electric vehicles – Description and Characteristics Electric vehicles are those vehicles that are ‘propelled by one or more electric motors rather by an internal – combustion engine’ (Faiz, Weaver and Walsh 1996, p.227). This is the key difference between the electric vehicles and the conventional vehicles, which are based on an internal combustion engine (Faiz, Weaver and Walsh 1996). The range of electric vehicles can be high; there are electric autos, motorcycles, trains and so on (Faiz, Weaver and Walsh 1996). In fact, any conventional vehicle can become electric under the terms that it is appropriately transformed following a particular process (Faiz, Weaver and Walsh 1996). In practice, there are three different types of electric vehicles: a) the electric vehicles that rely on an external generation system, i.e. a generation system which is not incorporated

A Birthday Remembered Essay Example for Free

A Birthday Remembered Essay Love is very complicated, not just butterflies in one’s stomach, but it also involves a lot of pain. The pain is not easy to drain. We have to confront ourselves with the pain and get over it, but that’s easier said than done. We restrain our feelings and try to forget them. This only causes an even bigger pain. That is the situation for Ellen, the main character in this short story. Ellen’s love life has been complicated, she is a lesbian and obliged to listen to people’s prejudices. Her one and only love, Jackie, dies caused by an incurable illness and she is not allowed to bury her â€Å"She has not been allowed to do this one last thing for Jackie. To be with her during the last rituals.† (l.24-25). Because of Jackie’s former husband, Roger, whom she has left to live with Ellen, but he could not accept his wife being a lesbian, because of his man-stubbornness and he even tried to declare her temporarily insane (l.15). Jackie’s daughter on the other hand thinks that what Ellen and Jackie had was wonderful and beautiful, but you don’t know yet if she’s a lesbian herself or a heterosexual (l.102). The short story is written in third-person (l. 8) â€Å"why shouldn’t she?† The narrator is not omniscient, but we have inner-angel from Aunt El since we only â€Å"hear† thoughts from her, and not from Tobie or Warrick. (line. 104) â€Å"She felt the shock of the words†. You can’t really tell if the narrator is reliable or not, since we don’t know which connection he has to any of those in the story. Neither does he try to make anyone to seem like the â€Å"bad guy†, but the narrator is making us feel sorry for Aunt El, for her big lost Jackie. (L. 24 89) â€Å"She hadn’t been allowed to do this one last thing for Jackie† â€Å"but we have to get used to living without loved ones†. The language used in this short story is very well written and is very descriptive, because of all the adjectives being used, which makes the story way more â€Å"living†. (l. 12) â€Å"Roger had been furious, appalled and angr y..† although the story is very well written it’s also a bit harsh to understand, because of some of all these adjectives and expressions. At line 37 there might be a flashback â€Å"here’s to you, Ellen Simms, on your birthday†. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay The reason that this maybe could be a flashback is firstly because of the changing of the type, at only that sentence, which might give an account of her past together with Jackie before her death. One thing that was striking me was that the story is written in the preterit, but at the same time the narrator uses direct speech, which I think is a bit odd, since you normally writes the whole story in either present or the past, and very seldom a combination of the 2 indication of times. We have two main characters in this story, who’s Aunt El and Tobie: Aunt El / Ellen Simms is an old women who lives by herself. She used to be heterosexual and lived together with a man named Roger. They had a kid together named Tobie which is 15 years old. Ellen chooses to leave Roger because she’s changing her sexuality, and becomes a lesbian and falls in love with Jackie. But unfortunately Jackie died one year from now on, which leaves her alone with Tobie, and chooses to return back t o the father Roger. Ellen is a very obliging and kind person. She really misses her old flame Jackie, and cares a lot about Tobie whether her sexuality is heterosexual or lesbian (l. 83) â€Å"suppose it had been a girl? People choose who they want.† She seems considerate, when she offers Tobie and Warrick a hot cocoa, and remembers that young’s always are hungry and decides to make them some sandwiches. Tobie is daughter of Ellem Simms and the late Jackie. She’s 15 years old, but doesn’t have an abundance of friends (l. 20) â€Å"Tobie never had an abundance of friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She has short blond hair, had lineament from her father and a nice smile (l. 53-55). She cares about Ellen, since she’s the only one who shows up at her birthday and brings a present, which she has been saving money, for about a week. The way she earns these money is through her job in the library (l. 68) â€Å"I’m a library page after school..† helpful is also a good word, that would describe, which you can see in the story, when she offers her help to go and make cocoa together with Ellen. It seems she trusts Ellen more than her own father, since she decides to show Warrick for Ellen instead of her father. The message in this short story, is that pain will always be there, but only temporary, but at the same time hard to get over. That love is a big (maybe the biggest) part of our life and we should not regret, but remember the good times you’ve had with those you’ve loved. Don’t take anything in vain, live your life. And it doesn’t care if you are a heterosexual, lesbian or gay, just as long as you are happy. The title of this story is â€Å"a birthday remembered† which I guess is chosen because of all the emotional feelings that’s stepping in strength through this story and especially the quote from the daughters side â€Å"I hope it will be as wonderful and beautiful as what you and mom had together†.

The Causes of Racial Tension :: Racism

Today, there is racial tension all around the world. Racial tension means the feeling that exists when people do not trust and be aggressive to each other. In Malaysia, racial tension has deepened recently. The Indian government has released an advisory for its foreign students that studying in Australia which showed that racial tension appeared around the White and Indian (â€Å"MEA issues travel advisory to Indian students in Aus†, 2010). Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China was enhanced in July 2009. There are several factors that causes racial tension to happen such as religion topic, government policy, prejudice and discrimination. Next, racial tension is also easily caused by prejudice and discrimination. According to Jon (1997), â€Å"prejudice is a general characteristic of human relationships† (p. 232). Jon (19970 found â€Å"prejudice is usually considered the cause of discrimination†. Prejudice is easily being found in someone to the others; especially they are from different races. They may treat the other races irrespectively and violently. First, people will not take it seriously. However, when the cases happen frequently and massively, people won’t take them as specials cases. The races that besieged will tend to feel anxious and strike back in order to protect themselves. Therefore, it tends to create racial tension. For examples, incidents of violence against Indians in Australia were happened frequently in last few months. Later on, an Indian student was killed. These have damaged the relationship between the Indians and Australians and created racial tension. Besides, African- Americans were still discriminated seriously by the Americans even after American Civil War. They had perspective that the African-Americans were slaves like they used to be. They received unequal treatment until the success of African-American Civil Rights Movement. The racial tension was existed during the period. The government policy causes the racial tension as well. The governments launch policies that encourage the development of countries. But if some policies tend to benefit certain races, whether they are majority or minority, will cause the dissatisfaction of other races. In their perspective, all races should be treated equally regardless the number of members. Therefore, they may protest to show their dissatisfaction. If their protest were overwhelmed and the government led by the majority, the racial tension is ensured happen. Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China is an example. Uighur was the minority in China but the large community in Xinjiang.

Life Function Essay

In many different types of health care settings there will be a chain of management and four major functions of management that will help the business flow smoothly in the right direction for the managed care of the patients that they will receive from the facility, and this structure will also allow the organization to grow as a team, and benefit the facility and the community at the same time in a cost effective way. This paper will identify the major functions, and how it applies to managing others, and it will also explain what the most important role for a health care manager and leader in the diversified health care industry. I will then give my opinion on what the most significant aspect related to health care management that I would like to gain by taking this course in my field of study. There are four major functions of management in a health care setting which are organizing, planning, controlling, leading and all managers on any type of level are responsible for following and achieving each function of management on a daily basis, and the first function of management that will be described is organizing. Organizing is a function of management that gives out job assignments and tasks, locating resources, make and coordinate the work for the people of the organization so that the plan can be implemented and followed through with. This function allows managers to dissect the inner side of the process and give input that will help form the nature of the facility, and the next function of management is planning. Planning is a function of management that goes through a process of making objectives for performance and deciding what steps should or should not be taken in order to achieve the goal of the employer and the employee at the same time. The manager’s job is to notice the accomplishment of the end work of the employee, make choices and decisions for the good of the company, and make a trail to be followed by other employees to steadily improve the goals of the organization, and the next function of management is controlling. Controlling is a function of management that focuses on work performance measurement, looking at the end results and seeing if it matches the objectives, and finally fixing any things that needs to be corrected before the final inspection of the finished product. A manager’s job in this function is to stay in direct contact with the employee’s throughout their work assignment, gather information and interpret performance reports, and the information is then used to plan constructive action and change. The last function of management to be discussed is leading. Leading is a function of management that focusses on exciting the enthusiasm of the employees so that they will work hard to succeed, and accomplish the tasks at hand. A manager’s job through this function is to continuously build commitments, encourage the activities of employee’s to help support the goals of the organization, and to influence the employee’s to do give their all and perform to the best of their ability on behalf of the organization which whom he or she works for, and all four of these functions of management help to run the organization on an everyday basis. Each of these four functions of management applies to managing employees within an organization through the structure each function provides in aiding to the development of the organization, the benefits of the employees, the structure and development of the facility, the service being provided and the community who all seek some type of service that this organization will provide. The most important role for a health care manger and leader in the diversified health care industry is to make sure the patient safety and health care needs are met, organize, plan, control, and lead the employees in their work responsibilities, and keep the company running effectively and comfortably for all people involved for the success of the organization. The most significant aspect related to health care management that I would like to gain by taking this course of study would be to learn the job of a health care professional, and a health care manager while being able to obtain clarity to each separate function and utilize both the experience and knowledge gained throughout my health care profession, and how to keep everyone involved an on track in the care of patients health within the organization. In conclusion the health care field has many steps it goes through on a daily basis so that the organization can function correctly and effectively. In this paper the four major functions of management have been identified, and applied to managing others in the industry, the most important role for a health care manager and leader in the diversified health care industry have been explained, and what the most significant aspect related to health care management that I want to gain in this course of study is.

How to monitor children Essay

Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. Observations are an important part of a teaching assistants role as feedback given to teachers is valuable as the teacher will then be able to report back to parents and carers on pupils progress. This sharing of information between teacher and parent will enable them to work together in the pupils best interests. Informal observations are those which are carried out on a daily basis as you work with pupils you may notice a child is having difficulty understanding a new concept you would them pass this information on to the teacher as part of the feedback process. We also use summative and formative methods of assessment such as formal testing i.e. SATS which record a child’s academic and intellectual development. You may use sampling methods – tick box checklists and time sampling methods or simply to undertake an observation. It is important with all methods of monitoring to record the feedback to teachers/parents about your findings. You would compare these observations SATS testing results against normal milestones and expected developmental age statistics and information from parents. You should also take into account a child’s cultural needs as these may create developmental delay (they may be delayed if they are not using their first language).

Pragmatic ethics

Pragmatic ethics Pragmatic ethics is an emerging field of ethics that perceives ethics as science, which consists of both theory and practice. Proponents of pragmatic ethics argue that, ethical theory and moral practice are integral components of ethics in that, either of them cannot give a satisfactory definition of morality in society. From a pragmatist’s point of view, ethics require logical thinking and empirical actions for one to comprehend the nature of ethics fully in a complex society, where actions can hardly fall into two categories viz. right or wrong. Serra (2010) argues that, moral inquiry needs deliberation that involves analysis and weighing up principles, beliefs, and arguments relative to reality (p.101). Therefore, in this light, pragmatic ethics are not conventional, but vary from one society to another or one organization to another due to differing circumstances. Pragmatic ethics manifests itself in habits that influence human, organizational, or societal behaviour; hence , it best elucidates varied ethics that people apply on various circumstances of life.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case study of Mount Isa shows how the government, city council and Xstrata Company are employing pragmatic ethics in their defence against accusations of polluting the environment. Even though several families are suing the government, council and Xstrata for allowing lead dust from Mount Isa mines to pollute their homes, waterways and gardens, which resulted into high levels of lead in blood of their children, they have not put appropriate measures to control pollution. Nyberg (2008) debates that; pragmatic ethics require contextualization of actions coupled with, and linking, the actions to ethics according to circumstances that they occur (p.589). In the case study, Xstrata together with the government and council are treating lead pollut ion as a unique occurrence that only needs exceptional interventions from within Xstrata. The government, council, and Xstrata are attributing the lead pollution to outcrops of rocks that occur in Mount Isa. Consequently, these bodies advice the community to live safely with lead in spite of the external pressures from Queensland’s Department of Health and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which requires regulation of lead pollution because it affects physical and intellectual development of children. Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focus on exceptional deeds that elevate wellbeing of people in society or an organization. According to virtue theory of ethics, virtuous person will act virtuously to benefit all people because virtue is a motivational force of actions. Since habits form the basis of ethics, virtue ethics depend on day-to-day activities that people do, in that spontaneous decisions spring from attributes of virtues in a person. Nyberg (2008) argues that virtue i s innate attribute of a human being that comes spontaneously without application of ethical principles (p.589). Therefore, virtue ethics guide people in their daily activities making them act virtuously for the benefit of others and the entire society.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In circumstances where moral rules and virtue conflict, virtue ethics takes precedence because they are flexible and applicable in complex situations. Usually, virtuous people employ virtue ethics when formulating ethical rules that are fundamental to making decisions and regulating actions. From virtue point of view, Mount Isa mining is unfortunate because it poses serious health threat to a large number of individuals of about 23,000. Queensland Department of Health and EPA did protest that lead pollution is occurring because of negligence by concerned authorities. Compelled by virtues, EPA manager resigned and accused the government of negligence as Sonenshein (2005) contends that, organizational members can effectively criticize their organization after stepping outside (p.478). The government, council, and Xstrata do not care about the effects of mining lead on population, especially children as it causes physical and intellectual impairment. According to Audi (2009), virtue motivates people to aim at the right things by using right means to achieve desired ends (p.9). However, the government and the council have given Xstrata powers to regulate its own pollution making it release a large amount of emissions that tripled the amount recommended under national environmental regulations. Thus, Xstrata did not employ virtue ethics in its mining process relative to health concern of Mount Isa’s residents. Egalitarian Approach Egalitarian approach to ethics requires that people should receive equal treatment in society despite their different social, economic and c ultural backgrounds. According to Moss (2009), egalitarianism enhances equality in society by promoting fair procedures of employment, business, and acquisition of resources (p.7). People are continuously struggling in life to improve their economic and social status; thus, egalitarianism seeks to provide a level ground where each person has equal access to opportunities that are essential in improving wellbeing. Therefore, if people require equality to prevail in society in various aspects such as social, health, economic, and political, they should utilize egalitarian ethics.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sonenshein (2005) asserts that, organizational members create moral standards that are applicable across an organization as a way of promoting equality (p.476). Equality is a key factor that determines organizational ethics according to egalitarian perspect ive. Therefore, it is moral for equality to prevail in society or organization. In the case study, several families have sued the government, council, and Xstrata for neglecting health concerns of Mount Isa’s population because the mining is emitting enormous amount of lead into the environment that pose a serious risk to human health. From the egalitarian perspective, Queensland Department of Health and the EPA are accusing Xstrata of not following international standards of ethics in controlling lead pollution. Study carried out shows that 10% of young children have high levels of lead in their blood, which is above 10mcg/dl, threshold limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The health department and EPA hold that, Mount Isas population need equal treatment like other populations across the world because high levels of lead in the blood of children are deleterious to their health. Moss (2009) argues that, people need equal treatment because they have same wort h and dignity (p.4). Thus, Mount Isa’s population requires similar health concerns as other population across the world. Deontological Approach Deontological ethics holds that morality is an inherent attribute of an action rather than its consequences. Since humans act according to certain principles and rules of life, deontological weigh whether those actions are compliant. Basing on deontological perspective of ethics, actions that strictly follow stipulated principles and rules are ethical while those that do not comply with any principle or rule are unethical. According to Nyberg (2008), deontological approach to ethics uses moral rules that reflect justice, rights, and duty in the analysis of an ethical nature of actions (p.587). Hence, deontological approach to ethics deals with nature of actions in contrast to consequential approach that examines outcomes of actions. Bowie (1999) asserts that, business that puts money first is immoral because it does not care about its customers (p.34). According to deontological approach to ethics, if a business is acting virtuously to achieve an unimpeachable reputation rather than for the sake of morality, it thus means that it is acting immorally.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From deontological perspective, the government, council, and Xstrata are acting immorally in Mount Isa mining because their priority is to obtain money. Since Xstrata generates millions of dollars, the government and council derive vast amounts of revenues and royalties, and they have neglected health concerns at Mount Isa’s population because what matters to them is money. The government has given powers Xstrata to regulate its pollution, thus providing it with too much freedom to continue pollution homes, gardens and waterways with lead as it has tripled its emissions. Abdullah and Valentine (2009) contend that, inconsistency of human actions with rules and principles reflects deviation from ethics (p.5). In the case study, Xstrata did not comply with national environmental regulations because it emitted triple amount of emissions recommended. Moreover, the government has left Xstrata to control its emissions rather than to be under control of EPA. Instead of reducing its e missions, Xstrata advised the population on living safely with lead. Ethics of Duties Ethics of duty focuses on actions that people can do in a given circumstance. Ethics of duty rely on the premise that people who are in power have the moral responsibility of ensuring that, society or organizations perform actions, which are ethical to promote human welfare and growth of businesses. According to Crane and Matten (2010), corporate leaders have the ethical duty to act in promotion of ethics regarding contemporary issues such as globalization, citizenship and sustainability of resources (p.123). Ethics of duties emanate from decisions and orders that leaders issue when they face ethical challenges in the course of their businesses. Since ethical dilemmas are complex to resolve, Solomon (1993) reasons that, leaders need to tailor their decisions to varied circumstances because ethical principles vary from one place to another (p.358). Hence, ethics of duties enable people in leadership positions to act according to rules and principles to promote morality in society. In the case study, the government has failed to act according to its responsibility of ensuring that Mount Isa’s population receives essential protection from lead pollution. Likewise, the city council has neglected health issues associated with Mount Isa mining because, in conjunction with the government and Xstrata, they have conspired to refute claims that lead pollution is responsible for increased levels of lead in blood among children. Solomon (1993) indicates that, negligence is a problem that many organizations are grappling with because it elicits ethical dilemmas that are difficult to handle (p.361). Millions of dollars that Xstrata is generating has blinded the council and government from responding appropriately to lead pollution by ensuring that there is compliance with national environmental regulations, as a way of protecting Isas population from lead pollution. The EPA and Quee nsland Department of Health have taken their responsibilities by showing the nature and extent of lead pollution in Mount Isa’s surroundings. References Abdullah, H., Valentine, B., 2009. Fundamental and Ethics Theories of Corporate Governance. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 4, pp.1-9. Audi, R., 2009. Virtue Ethics as a Resource in Business. Society for Business Ethics. pp.1-28. Bowie, N., 1999. Business Ethics: A Kantian Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Crane, A., Matten, D., 2010. Evaluating Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moss, J., 2009. Egalitarianism and the Value of Equality. Journal of Ethics and Social  Philosophy, 6(4), pp.1-7. Nyberg, D., 2008. The Morality of Everyday Activities: Not the Right, But the Good Thing to Do. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(26), pp.587-598. Serra, J., 2010. What is and What Should Pragmatic Ethics Be? Some Remarks on Recent Scholarship. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, 2(2), pp .100-112. Solomon, R., 1993. Business Ethics. In P. Singer (Ed.), A companion to ethics. (pp. 354-365). Oxford: Blackwell. Sonenshein, S., 2005. Business Ethics and Internal Social Criticism. Business Ethics  Quarterly, 15(3), pp.475-498.

How To Adopt CoSchedule With This Simple Change Management Process

How To Adopt With This Simple Change Management Process Odds are you’ve been managing your projects, campaigns, workflows, team communication, reporting, and more in non-marketing tools. And you’ve got spreadsheets for days. So. Many. Spreadsheets. You’ve been weighed down with single-solution tools that do one thing†¦ but they don’t integrate†¦ ⠝Å' You use Asana or Wrike for project management. ⠝Å' You’ve got Hootsuite or SproutSocial for social publishing. ⠝Å' You’ve got Google calendar, docs, or a spreadsheet for your editorial calendar. ⠝Å' And of course endless email threads. We call this â€Å"Makeshift Marketing† and this is the problem marketers like you face every day. Fortunately, it’s also the problem that solves.    ^^^ does this look familiar? It’s a perfect visual of Makeshift Marketing. So, if you’re stuck wasting time, missing deadlines, and without visibility into ALL of your marketing details†¦ it’s time for . Why is seeing it all in one place important? Marketers who organize their marketing strategy AND plan are 538% more successful than those who don’t.    Want another reason? Marketers who organize their process workflow to create a scalable repeatable process are 466% more successful than those who don’t.    Now that you’ve chosen , you will solve each of these problems!

Evaluating Fashion and its Impact on Individuals Essay

Evaluating Fashion and its Impact on Individuals - Essay Example The essay "Evaluating Fashion and its Impact on Individuals" analyzes the influence of Evaluating Fashion on Individuals. Fashion has been used as the resource by individual for the purpose of construction of their identity and positioning themselves at a higher place in comparison to other. Fashion has an important role to play in articulation of ethnic identity in relation to the contemporary setting in routine life ethnic identity just like other types of social identity. It is not considered to be real and essential, but actually it is a multi faced phenomenon, which is different at varied places and time. An imperative factor, which is helpful in construction and articulation of ethic identities with the help of fashion, is cultural displacement. In relation to force, which is exerted for the purpose of relocation to different parts of world because of slavery, poverty, religious and political persecution, etc. have been very helpful in marking out a new space for cultural prefe rence in terms of fashion. Along with this, the advent of globalisation has also been a key factor, which has influenced the lives of young people. There has been a debate over the change in fashion patterns because of globalisation. Late modernity, which is a period representing the disjunction between the communities and securities of modernity and the realities of post-second world war has been highly influence by the trends of fashion industry. At the time of 1970s, the research undertaken by Dick Hebdige.

I will attach the Topic and instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I will attach the Topic and instruction - Essay Example 013).On the other hand the Democrats considered it as â€Å"nonsense† (Austin, 2013).They accused the Republicans of exploiting the voter-ID law to create hurdles for the poor citizens of Texas and the minorities. The Law involved the active participation of the Texas Legislature, Senate and House, Gov. Rick Perry, federal government and the U.S. Department of Justice. The Law was passed accordingly under the supervision of the Legislature of Texas after three legislative rounds and six years. The House approved its version in March, 101- 48. After contrasts between the Senate and House versions were resolved, both chambers approved the final version, in May, SB 14 and forwarded it to Gov. Rick Perry, who had announced the issue a crisis item at an earlier period in the session. Notwithstanding, more than a year and a full election cycle after its entry, the law is still not in effect, its incorporation first held up by the U.S. Division of Justice, then denied by a federal circuit court. Its extreme destiny was chosen by the U.S. Supreme Court. During the time of July 2011, Texas formally asked the Justice Department to "preclear" the law and permit it to become effective from Jan. 1, 2012. The federal government had 60 days to go for one out of the three alternatives: support the solicitation, deny it or request more data (The Texas Tribune, n.d .). The issue affected the women of Texas to a large extent since after marriage their surnames often get changed. While a few Americans headed to twitter to express their backing for the new voting regulations, others utilized the medium to whine about not having their vote numbered or being compelled to go through excessive complications, for instance putting signature on a sworn affidavit. Furthermore to underscore the perplexity that these laws have fashioned the nation over, a few voters didnt realize what sort of recognizable proof, if any, they required to produce. There are also accounts of poll workers asked to

Rhetorical Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical Analysis Assignment - Essay Example Poissant has had an extensive career as an author whereby he has written several publications in The Atlantic, One Story, New Stories from the South among others. In addition, he has also authored a book titled The Heaven of Animals, which is a collection of short stories, and set for publication in 2014. After a number of publications, he found himself contemplating on how one can be friends with Republicans. This essay explores the elements of subject, thesis, purpose, audience, persona, ethos, authoritative testimony, and analogy in Poissant’s persuasive and compelling piece of writing. The subject of the essay is how one can interact and make friends with Republicans without being judgmental, but at the same time also airing your political opinion about certain things. The author thinks that it is possible to make friends with Republicans because they are just normal people in the society. He gives example of individuals whose daughters go to the same school with his daugh ters, and that they are not issues or votes, but just people. Yes, he agrees it is challenging to be friends with the Republicans, but it can work. He gives several examples to relate to his thesis that it is possible to be friends with Republicans because they are just ordinary people, but this should not restrict one from airing his political views. In this essay, Poissant presents several purpose, which is to inform, persuade, and engage his audience. He starts the article with an interesting opening that immediately engages the audience, he says, â€Å"The trouble started the night Jeff, one of the guys I drink and talk about God with, announced that he’d been summoned to court for the Zimmerman trial jury pool†. With this, the audience immediately registers that there is an issue here in the form of a conflict. Next, he informs the audience contrary to people’s perspective, there can be an interaction and a relationship between republicans and democrats. Ho wever, he asserts that this works better when the friendship stays away from politics and discusses other matters such as God related subjects. Nevertheless, the author also informs his audience that it would be better if such relationship were allowed to flourish, while also giving room for personal political opinions on certain issues. He says, â€Å"I want to be friends with Republicans, but I don’t want to be friends with Republicans if I don’t also get to talk about why I think food stamps and socialized medicine are good ideas† in addition, the author informs the audience that republicans are ordinary human beings, and thus, it is possible to be friends with them. Finally, he informs the audience that people who act in the way they do, it is because of what they are taught that they develop. Finally, the author persuades the audience to listen to his subject by telling them that being friend with Republicans is not such a bad thing. However, he seeks to mo ve them to be cautious of the things involved in being friends with Republicans such as limited political opinions, and that it would not be easier since it calls for compromise from both parties for things to be better. The author hopes to pass his message to The New York Times readers composed of audience of several kinds. He wishes that this article were read by

Ethics in Grant Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Grant Essay Ethics is described as moral principles and obligations that determine the wrongness and correctness of actions. It is associated with values and righteousness of every individual conduct. As a human being we are responsible for our actions and we have moral obligations for the welfare of others. Ethics cover our everyday life from what we think, decisions we make our philosophy and behavior to our everyday actions. In different professional field, standard and code of ethics are practiced to ensure proper conduct and behavior of those involved in the field. Ethics in grant has always been controversial. Issues associated with ethical behavior often arise from grant projects. The involvement of large amount of money causes the issues and suspicion to rise. An example of an issue that may arise from a grant project is commissioning. Commission refers to the fee paid to an employee after venturing to a successful business or closing a deal. However, professional organizations and funders consider commissioning unethical in nature. This is because compensation with regards to commissioning based on charitable contributions and donations are ugly site to see. Unlike salesmen, who get a cut from the proceeds they made, professionals who are involved in grant projects are considered skilled and talented people who lend and utilized their expertise in order to obtain huge support and following for the work and project that an organization is aiming to achieve. These are usually projects that requires huge amount of funding. If commissions are paid in favor of the grant workers in order to generate money, it would seems people are working because of the money involved and not because of the dedication one has to obtain support for the completion of the project In fact, the Code of Ethical Principles and Standards of Professional Practices of the Association of Fundraising Professional, clearly outlines that compensation based on a percentage of fundraising should not be accepted. Sincerity and honesty is another issue that that is usually associated with Grant projects. Honesty comes into play when errors are committed while the project is being done. This happens when proposals made is not enough for the project to be successful and major changes are needed. Employees often resort to covering things up in an effort to conceal the miscalculations and mistakes done during proposal. Cover up is done because the fear of losing the funder since the original plans agreed upon fail to materialize. Employees then tend to lie and pretend everything runs smoothly. To prevent ethical issues rising from Grant Projects, it is important to be honest and to tell everything that that is going on to the funder. By being honest, one can earn the funder’s trust and trust is important in every project to be successful. Furthermore, Grant makers and funders appreciate sincerity and honesty and they are open to changes from original plans that have been set, since changes that are made will yield promising results for the project. If an error with the project has been discovered, it is necessary to report at once. Also, it would be ethical to issue an apology if things are not carried out properly as promised. With the huge sum of money involved in Grant Projects, it will be helpful for anyone to be honest in every little way to prevent ethical issues from occurring. Sincerity for the project’s completion and the responsibility one owes from the funder and from those who support the organization in building the project should make one realize the misconduct of falling into the temptation the large sum of money brings. One should understand that an arrangement in which one obtain a kickback is unethical. To preserve one’s name and his reputation as a person and professional one must keep away from doing them.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essays -- Education Educational Educatin

Teaching Philosophy Statement Do you have a philosophy on education? I do. What I want to discuss is my personal view of education. I’m going to talk about the nature of students. I am going to talk about the nature of knowledge and whether or not it is absolute or relative. The purpose of education, the method, and the curriculum will be discussed also. We are going to look at some of my philosophical views on education and my professional development plans. When I am through you will have my philosophy of education paper. First we will look at my view on the nature of students. Like Rousseau, I believe that students are influenced by their environment. Children indeed imitate what they see or experience. I think a positive environment is crucial to a child’s learning. When kids see negative things they imitate negative things. When kids see positive things they imitate positive things. I believe there has to be a balance between both negative and positive influences. Not being in a perfect world, children are often exposed to negative influences. Rousseau took some of his students into the country away from the evils of society to teach them. When analyzing knowledge, one must ponder whether knowledge is relative or absolute. Rousseau thought that students should learn to think for themselves. I agree. They must think. Memorization is fine, however they need to be able to apply their knowledge. Students require knowledge in different ways. While some students may listen well, other students may need to see examples. It is important that the students retain the knowledge. They need correct instruction from teachers. Ultimately, the purpose of edu... ... a lot of professional development plans. I would prefer to start teaching in high school and maybe work by way up to college. I would like to be a well-rounded teacher that is respected and understood. I will probably get a job teaching and then work by way up through a couple of different degrees. I really do not want to further my education after graduation but if I have to I will. I will get more money if I do which is important. As far as professional groups go, I am undecided, I do not really know a lot although as I go through the education system I may find one that interests me. Alright, I have talked about the nature of students as well as the nature of knowledge. The purpose of education and the methods of education have been discussed as well as my curriculum. I have expressed my philosophical views and my professional development

Literary Semiotics

Literary Semiotics Quite often the terms semiotics and semiology are equal, so that often instead semiotics use semiology and vice versa. Ferdinand de Saussure speaks of the sign and the first makes the distinction between semiotics and semiology. Semiotics is the general theory of signs. Semiology study the functioning of the sign in the social practice. Today avoids this distinction and semiotics equate with semiology, ie, they are synonyms. GENERAL Semiotics: The sign does not exist only in language and literature, but in the film we have and tone as a sign, signs of the folk tradition (clouds as signs, etc.. . The sign is a general phenomenon that exists in all forms of human communication. With the help of the sign announce something. The sign communication across borders communion. It is believed that she sign communication has with animals, plants etc.. Within the general linguistic information and communication there is the literary form of communication between author and r eader, between the work and the reader etc.. Semiotics is shared:First Semantics – which focuses on the relationship between sign and signified; Second Pragmatics – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between the sign and the reader; Third Syntax, syntax – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between signs, eg. : Texts as signs books as characters. Semiotics makes several typologies and distinguishes several types of sign systems: First PRIRODOJAZICHNI SYSTEMS – define them as first-and include natural languages, ie national languages (English, French, etc. ).. These are the languages that are characterized by a specific practice use.In these systems each character is in relation to an object (reference) from the reality. Not all characters are specified, does not always mean only objects that exist, which are in reality, but there are also abstract, metaphysical signs that signify something that is not tangible, but still exist s in our consciousness. Second Artificial sign systems – Artificial signs we have in mathematics, science and so on. These signs are called artificial, because they agreed. These include road signs, sign language of the deaf, blind etc.. => Structure is a way of organizing systems.System and structure are inseparable. Third Secondary, secondary sign systems – usually build on existing linguistic systems and does not always refer to things that exist in nature. Literature uses natural language to translate literary, coding, etc. All secondary languages have pre-need of natural language and together constitute some already performed sign systems, such as. Literature. Secondary sign system eg. Myth – iconic, pictorial system. 4th Mixed HIBRIDIZIRANI SIGNS – eg. Essay which combines prirodojazichen system and a secondary sign system and pictorial system. th METAJAZICI – Metajazichni systems, metalanguage thoughts when one language describes another ki nd of language that is already built, eg. Theory of literature has described the literary language. There are meta-meta languages, such as literary criticism, literary methodology etc.. Semiotics distinguished: linguistic and nejazichni signs, verbal and non-verbal. Semiotics distinguishes several types of signs: First -Symbols – symbols are all coded signs and they denotativni. These signs have a high degree of codification and konvencionalnost. In these signs the relationship between the sign and the signified is kodiviciran.Second Sign-image – in these signs the relationship between sign and signified is vividly. Iconic signs konotivni signs. The model has features of artistic creation. Third Sign-INDEX – among them the relationship between sign and signified is causal. These signs are generally semiotic. Example: Where there is smoke there is fire. Among them there is a logical connection that occurs as a result of long-term perception. Eg. before an earthqu ake occurs, animals are disturbed, I felt mean. Also, prior to such disasters, we get information, warnings from other planets. All this belongs to indeksnoto information.Semiotics differs constant and variable signs. The sign indicates the object replaces the subject. Therefore, the sign is viewed by the subject marks. To sign appears must e apostoi need an item to be replaced, to signify. Roman Jakobson describes knizhenosta literary self-referential aesthetic message. Piece of literature at the same time can be referential (aesthetic) and referential. Znakovnosta literature does not exhaust WMO interest signified. The sign is a complex composition (signifier + signified). With signs serving entities, transferring to other entities, which means that there must be an agreement.In literature, there is a higher level of esthetics, but this does not exclude pragmatism. While eg. in journalism, a higher degree of pragmatism, but it does not necessarily mean that there is no aesthetic. There is intertextuality. For example, the parody – there parodiziranje literary work that already exists, we mythema, whose basic text comes from another, previously written text hipotekst. Even in the literature have metajazichnost yet dominate vtorostepenosta. It should be noted and the consideration that relates to the fact that there is a difference between literary and linguistic systems.Some systems faster change, others more slowly. Systems include konvencionalizirani relations imply a certain constancy legality. Speech is practice the kind of language use. Linguistic system is slowly changing. A change in the system of language comes when occurring changes in the conventional system. The change in the lexicon is not a real change in the language, but the change in syntax is a real change, because the syntax is a mirror of the language, it is the soul, the essence of language. In the 20th century resulting rapid and radical changes in literary systems, and in language systems can not change for centuries.Literary system as a secondary Literary Semiotics Systems vary in degree modelativnata power. Systems have a high degree of first instance modelativna power and appeal have lower degree modelativna power. Literature is not that important (secondary) sign system. In the literature, the language system is reorganized in a different way, because prirodojazichniot system is already encoded, he once again coded in the literature, which means that the literary system is doubly coded. = CODE = Code means is prohibited and what is not. The term â€Å"code† is not a purely literary term, but comes from egzaknite sciences (mathematics, computer science).Code shows us the optimal boundary between the forbidden and permitted. Modelativnata power is the ability to present a subject in the form of linguistic or literary figure. The model is a picture of the items indicating displays a single character. Model of the object is displayed in a text can be closer to the world that displays, but can be distant. Therefore, some characters are considered to be relatively more realistic poreferencijalni, open to predmetmetot and others are considered less referential, hermetic and more confined to the subject.Structure prirodojazichniot sign implies a direct connection between the sign and the referent. A literary system that relationship between the sign and the object is indirect, and even invisible. When reading the signs, the whole array of interpretenti that are sorted from other sign with any reader pbuduva whole range of different images, each reader think differently. For example, the term â€Å"Company† each poimuva different: one has a no house, stone house, ruined house, a beautiful house, a house-snail, small house, white house etc.. Models, the image of the subject in the literature represents what must exist, what can be absent.Ordinary language signs poreferencijalni, because the connection between the sign and the m atter may be provieri, and in literature it has not. Some literary characters completely reject referentiality and identify as nereferencijalni or auto-referential. They completely distracted by the relationship between the sign and object, life, the world, etc.. But after Mallarme annulling all those links, they are invisible, and even signs can not signify anything other than themselves. These marks signify themselves and thus resolve the question of the definition of the sign that always means something that exists outside of them.These characters have their origin and their long-lasting tradition. Repealed logical connections between them, or at least invisible at first glance. There are literary characters to a greater extent referential and such that auto-referential, that encourage thinking the sign, except the exact information they want to offer something more to the subject, ie the world who represent; those signs tend to have a broader, more universal information how orga nized life and the world. In the literary system is activated principle sozvuchnost musicality, that activates the eneral signification semiotichnost, which plays a major role in the formation of literary texts that it does not matter what you say, but how you say. There are two completely identical words. Ordinary linguistic signs are distinguished by a high degree of symmetry between the object and the sign by which that object is marked. These signs are harder legible because they distort the image of a world that is marked with this sign; while doing so because of the asymmetry between the sign and the object, ie the world; not think of anything specifically. Literary system is: First secondary, secondary;Second double coded; Third iconic, picturesque, with a high degree modelativnost; 4th relationship between the object and the sign is asymmetric; 5th shows interest in the character and high degree of auto-and at the same time and communication and information. It is believed t hat all these properties of the literary system, its structure shows in a nutshell – the tropics. It is believed that ordinary language tends to conventionalize be used automatically, but literary-art information tends to be something more than mere information. In this sense, ordinary expressions have low informativnost.The purpose of literature is constantly questioned images umrtvile forgotten language, and it achieves when they express will deliver another new context and text and no more primates using automated. What's old, already seen, automated, predictable, does not carry much information. But when you make a transformation, modification context, the degree of unpredictability gives it clear that there is some degree of artistic expression. What is stereotypically can perform literary function only when you are questioned and it will say something new, unknown, unpredictable.In literary communication is very important reader that fits into his measure expectation is already known, conventional, and what exceeds this measure is shocking and purely literary. To develop the system, it should be constantly introduce changes that will have a radical character. It is believed that the literary system is a complex system, because it is simultaneously modelativen iconic communicative, informative etc.. STRUCTURE AND LITERARY-artistic structure The term structure is taken from disciplines that have the exact character. This term means the constitution, construction, structure, composition.Can speak of a connection between the structure and the system (composition pragma). Pragma-linguistic semantic __ decorative what is encountered in all literary genres. Literary form is prezentativen. There is a prejudice that oako speaks of structure, must be taken only strucuturalist method. Strucuturalist method of studying literature immanent – within, regardless of external factors. Structure – nestatichna. This term has its prehistory and predstru kturalistichkiot method. Promotes the emergence of Saussure, then in Prague structuralists in 30 years (Roman Jakobson).The structure is a way of organizing a race, when you are thinking of something dynamic, live outdoors. But it always is a minimum order, which can be viewed transhistoric outside of literature. It shows anthropology and linguistics. Distinguished two levels of understanding society. Archetypal structures – which manifests Oedipus, infanticide, Phaedra, and it asa eglavno negative occurrence. They are constantly renewing, changing WMO their name, the essence is the same. When speaking of the structure, not thinking assemblies, but the relationship between these parts that are different relations.The structure is latent given, you need to be activated to express a given relationship. It is not a material category, but a correlation between at least two parts, as part of one great whole. There must be a ratio of that unit which is higher than those who own par ts. The label may not mean anything. Even the sign is a higher instance. It establishes relations between the sign and the signified. The context shows us how the text structures and includes the subject, as well as the channel through which they passed.The structure is separable elements that make up the parts that build a third instance. It is not equal to the sum of those parts. The idea of structure has its own continuum from Plato onwards. When speaking of a literary work of art can not change the way the author laid the parts. Work itself has a rigid structure, there is coherence. Any literary work of art has a minimum structure, within a text is completed. Structure does not exhaust in terms of the text itself, but continues in the relations between texts that are external.The internal structure is latent, but in proportion with the reader that changes its character. Structure becomes external, opens to a text read in a social context of a given epoch. It opens towards the c ategory of value, ie toward non-literary categories participating in the reader and the author. The text-reader-author is different in the written and oral tradition. In oral literature there is a collective, multidisciplinary artist, oral text is intended for a different kind of reception kolektiviet (holidays protakularni religious rites). The novel is an individual kind.It introduces a new relation to the adoption of the text (information and understanding). In everyday communication relationships are different speakers-reader known. In the literary work of art speaks of aesthetic structure – art. That does not mean that it is polisemantichka multifunctional (educational, ethnic, linguistic, fun, social). Linguistic literary system implies certain conventions. The literary structure is composed of text and context (genre code metajazichnosta all types of channels, psychological, biographical, biological factors).Literary structure implies something conditionally given (tex t). Contextual factors – open. The text is the primary datum in the literature. He builds with just reading and valued. Ultimately, it ends in a new value. Text Literary and artistic text Textus Lat. textus = texture, fabric, specific kind of tissue taken from the material environment and ported in the literature. Text – a literary work of art and represents graphic zvukoven part of the work. It is unchangeable part, material, literary and artistic work that is more complex, consisting of immaterial part style.Literary-may be in oral and written (literary) form. Text changes its status through history is part of the moral language conventions. The text is also linked to the development of human civilization. Associated with civilization signs. Each text is articulated and systematized, it is to communicate with him. The author (individual or collective) and the sign, by linking the text for a long time, and the reader was switched off. Today is considered that the read er can influence those literary conventions. Differences between the literary work of art and literary and artistic text.The text is considered an open category, sign, while the work is closed category, the whole classic with reduced significance. It is a theory of Roland Barthes and structuralists in France. Variability of the text seen in the oral tradition. Textuality is as fixed as a material part of the work. Each text serves not only to inform, but also to communicate. Text as a cultural and artistic means authorship readers act vrednvuanje denial and others. Cultural and artistic text linking at least two dimensions – historical and artistic ontological. There are literary and non-literary texts.